Catholicism: advocating Chinese style and carrying forward Chinese culture

2022-05-11

In recent years, China's Catholicism has adhered to the direction of sinicization, infiltrated religion with excellent Chinese traditional culture, advocated Chinese style and carried forward Chinese culture in theological thought construction, church etiquette expression, church architecture, painting, music and art. Catholic circles in Beijing: the practical path of innovating Sinicization at the cultural level On a late autumn night in Beijing in 2021, the newly renovated Xishiku church was brightly lit, and a new holy music concert was under way. The performers on the stage are dressed in traditional Chinese costumes and play Chinese art songs with national musical instruments such as pipa, guqin and Xiao. Christian religious culture came to China more than 1300 years ago and tried to take root in this hot land, thus opening the prelude to the meeting and continuous integration with Chinese traditional culture. The concert, entitled "the Chinese face of Jesus Christ - Chinese sacred music since the Tang Dynasty", is an active exploration of the Catholic community in Beijing on the road of religious Sinicization. Li Shan, chairman of the two Catholic churches in Beijing and bishop of the Beijing diocese, said that since the Tang Dynasty, ancient saints and sages of the church have sought, explored and innovated in China, constantly integrated with Chinese culture, complied with the development requirements of the times, and left many valuable experiences of Sinicization. May these experiences help the Chinese Church create more excellent works and promote the Sinicization of Catholicism. In recent years, Beijing Catholicism has adhered to the direction of sinicization and innovated the practical path of Sinicization at the cultural level. At the same time as the concert of "the Chinese face of Jesus Christ - Chinese sacred music since the Tang Dynasty", the "seminar on theological thought in the direction of Sinicization of Catholicism in Beijing" was held. The seminar is divided into five topics, namely, Chinese art, Chinese culture, Chinese convent cultivation, Chinese history, Chinese spiritual cultivation and ethics. Participants discussed the historical tradition of the integration and mutual reference between Catholicism and China's excellent traditional culture in the process of China's development, as well as the exploration of architecture, music, school running, etiquette and spiritual cultivation since Catholicism was introduced into China. Li Yan, Secretary General of Beijing Catholic Patriotic Association, introduced that this is the sixth consecutive year that the Catholic community in Beijing has held a seminar with the theme of "Catholicism in China". Over the years, the Catholic community in Beijing has been committed to explaining the rules and teachings in line with the development requirements of contemporary China and the excellent traditional culture of China, and strive to build a theological ideological system with Chinese characteristics. Stone lion in the courtyard of Xishiku Church in Beijing. Lion statues, pavilions, the "statue of the virgin of China" in the small transept... In Xishiku street, Beijing, push open the double fan vermilion gate, pass through a spacious corridor with trees on both sides, and go all the way to the platform of the church. People will see a simple Chinese garden. From 2016 to 2018, sishku church experienced the third major renovation in history. "This is a masterpiece of the integration of Catholic art and Chinese traditional culture." Said father Zhen Xuebin, vice chairman of Beijing Catholic Patriotic Association. On both sides of the main road in front of the platform, there is a statue of a lion on the left and right. The lion is the most common auspicious beast in Chinese traditional culture. It is the embodiment of wisdom and power. It has the meaning of auspiciousness, prosperity and endless life. It is the patron saint of the house. After the renovation, the decoration of the hall was also adjusted. From the altar to the Bible reading platform, to the painted glass patterns and several holy statues with Chinese local characteristics displayed in the hall, all integrate the elements of Chinese traditional culture. Of particular interest is the statue of the virgin of China in the small transept. The virgin wears clothes of the Qing Dynasty and wears a pearl emerald gold crown; Little Jesus wore cloud shoes, brocade robes and gold crowns. The antique wood carving screen behind the statue of the virgin is solemn and elegant. It reflects and complements each other with the statue of the virgin, showing a harmonious beauty. "When the summer is over, the cool wind is blowing up; when the old friend returns, Tiantian is very kind to him", "the autumn night is getting longer and longer, and it is dawn to stay for a long time", "the moonlight is shining on my hometown", "I go to study in virtue in summer and winter, and I come to carry things in virtue in spring"... On the wechat official account of the Beijing Catholic theological seminary, the title of the "monastic trends" column reflects the full meaning of traditional culture. The Catholic community in Beijing takes the content of Chinese excellent traditional culture as a compulsory course in the process of talent training. "In the training activities for the clergy and the backbone of believers, special courses on excellent traditional culture are always indispensable." Li Yan said that the students of Beijing Theological Seminary not only receive theological education, but also learn the knowledge of Chinese studies such as calligraphy, traditional Chinese painting and seal cutting. Ping'an bridge Catholic Church in Chengdu, Sichuan: continue to write a new chapter of sinicization and make traditional culture "grounded, understandable and popular" in sermon The branches in spring spit out new stamens. In the Mottled sunshine, passing through the central area of Chengdu, in the northwest corner of Tianfu Square, you can see an ancient and elegant building from a distance, which is the Ping'an bridge Catholic Church. It was built in 1897, the 23rd year of Guangxu reign of the Qing Dynasty, and completed in 1904, the 30th year of Guangxu reign of the Qing Dynasty. The building complex is a combination of Chinese and western, with coordinated proportion and consistent space opening and closing. It is a model of Catholic architecture in Western Sichuan integrating religious culture and art, traditional cultural elements and folk houses in Western Sichuan, emitting a strong charm and flavor of Chinese traditional culture. The Ping'an bridge Catholic Church in Chengdu, Sichuan Province has built an exhibition hall of Catholicism in China, with nearly 3000 pieces of historical materials, objects and books. Approaching the Ping'an bridge Catholic Church, you are attracted by the gate of the Bishop's office. This is a Chinese quadrangle with three doors with hanging flowers and green bricks as the background, which is unspeakably quiet and beautiful. The Bishop's office built by QUANNAN wood is divided into two by a wide four row column open corridor to form two inner courtyards, which are equipped with traditional Chinese Red eaves and green tiles to highlight the oriental charm. It is spacious and interlinked around. 108 nanmu columns are magnificent, hidden and exposed, forming a unique corridor in the style of palace official residence. The patio in the style of Chinese traditional folk houses skillfully unifies the sky, the earth and people, with the sun, the moon and the stars on top of the head and the solid earth on the foot, which reflects the aesthetic taste of the Chinese people. "It is this kind of cultural attitude that makes Catholicism take root in this land and connect with the city and people." Wang Huaimao, vice chairman of the "two Catholic associations" in Sichuan Province, said. In order to inherit the tradition of Catholicism in China and continue to write a new chapter of Catholicism in China, in 2015, Ping'an bridge Catholic church built an exhibition hall of Catholicism in China, which was later expanded and improved, with nearly 3000 pieces of historical materials, objects and books. Historical relics, precious photos and yellow books, especially the major historical events of China's independent Catholic Church after the founding of new China, vividly and profoundly show the process of Catholicism in China. Ping'an bridge Catholic Church is not only a place to preach, but also a window and platform to spread excellent Chinese traditional culture and tell good Chinese religious stories. In daily sermons, Ping'an bridge Catholic Church has deeply explored the contents of teachings and rules conducive to social harmony, progress of the times, health and civilization. In its sermons, it skillfully combines the core socialist values with the story of the Bible, integrates patriotism and the spirit of harmony, tolerance, rationality and morality in the excellent traditional Chinese culture, and stresses benevolence, people-oriented, honesty, justice, harmony Seek Datong and other ideas to pass into the hearts of believers. In the Ping'an bridge Catholic Church, there is a religious and cultural corridor with both pictures and texts. The wall is covered with classical teachings interpreted with excellent Chinese traditional culture. The content of socialist core values is cleverly displayed in a prominent position. You can see it when you raise your eyes and learn when you stop. In order to improve the traditional cultural literacy of religious believers, Ping'an bridge Catholic Church has carried out various forms of interesting cultural activities such as regular classic reading activities and Chinese traditional culture training. It has introduced Chinese classics such as the Analects of Confucius and the Tao Te Ching into the sermon, quoted scriptures to tell stories, and talked about philosophy in depth, so as to make the traditional culture "grounded, understandable and popular" in the sermon. The art of painting and calligraphy is the essence of Chinese traditional culture. In 2019, Ping'an bridge Catholic church built a "calligraphy and Painting Academy of Shuya hall", often holding literary and artistic interactive pen and ink meetings, sending culture to the countryside and other activities, meeting friends with books and painting exchanges, and becoming a vivid platform to show the excellent traditional culture of China. At present, shuyatang calligraphy and painting academy has nearly 100 artists from calligraphy and art associations at or above the municipal level. In 2022, relying on the calligraphy and Painting Academy of Shuya church, Ping'an bridge Catholic Church will go deep into local churches to carry out more than 20 activities of "sending calligraphy and painting into the church area". Bishop Tang yuange, President of the calligraphy and Painting Institute of Shuya hall, said: "culture is the soul of a country and a nation. In recent years, the Ping'an bridge Catholic Church has carried out various forms of cultural activities, which not only improved the cultural taste of the church, but also greatly enriched people's spiritual life. We should regularly organize and adhere to such activities for a long time to attract more calligraphy and painting lovers to participate." Hangzhou Catholic Church: meeting to follow the sages and integrate with Chinese culture The Catholic Church, located in Zhongshan North Road, Hangzhou, has a long history. In the autumn of the seventh year of tomorrow's opening (1627), Catholic Confucian Yang Tingyun donated funds to build the first Catholic Church in Hangzhou in Guanxiang (now No. 415 Zhongshan North Road). In the 16th year of Shunzhi of the Qing Dynasty (1659), father Wei kuangguo of the Italian Jesuit Church rebuilt the new church on the original site. In Hangzhou, Wei kuangguo made extensive contacts with celebrities and dignitaries in the south of the Yangtze River, devoted himself to learning Chinese and Mandarin, reading Chinese classics and public opinion, and had great attainments in Chinese history and culture. Wei kuangguo's Chinese traditional cultural accomplishment is projected on the church he built. The decoration of the church has a typical Chinese style style: the shrine of the main altar in the church is carved in western style and surrounded by Chinese embroidered curtains, which complement each other. A large number of murals around the temple are painted by Chinese painters based on western images and in accordance with Chinese painting strokes, which has the aesthetic interest of the Chinese people. Under each portrait is a white lacquer powder board, which explains the content of the image with elegant Chinese characters and beautiful calligraphy. In March of the 38th year of Kangxi in the Qing Dynasty (1699), Kangxi made a southern tour. When they arrived in Hangzhou, they gave banquets, Hufang and two hundred liang of silver to build a holy church, and added the words "imperial construction" on the door of the church. Father Wu Yushan, a great painter in the Qing Dynasty, wrote a poem: "the street in front of the hall is quiet and dusty. When you drive past it, you can ask questions calmly. The poem laughs and looks at the imperial residence, and then you can read down the black platform. The banners are blowing at the door, the furnace seal flowers welcome you into the house, worship the incense in your hands, and sing with your father and father like spring thunder." In 2009, the church was comprehensively renovated in combination with the upgrading and transformation of the Royal Street in the Southern Song Dynasty in front of the church. In the process of repair, we should not only follow the principle of repairing old cultural relics, but also pay more attention to the integration of elements of Chinese culture. Couplets are hung on the columns in the middle of the church. The painted glass images on the church windows not only retain the original traditional church figures, but also add the images of Chinese saints and figures related to Hangzhou Catholicism, making the church more Chinese cultural charm and Chinese characteristics. Every year on the first day of the first lunar month, the Catholic Church on Zhongshan North Road in Hangzhou, Zhejiang province holds special activities. Believers will also receive red envelopes containing new year cards and one yuan coins. The Chinese cultural elements highlighted everywhere in the church reflect the historical tradition of Hangzhou Catholicism advocating respect for Chinese culture and advocating the integration society with Chinese culture; The example of the church's sages in Sinicization has inspired the Sinicization of Catholicism in Hangzhou

Edit:Yuanqi Tang    Responsible editor:Xiao Yu

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