The iron stream was rolling, the smoke was all over the sky, and the tank cluster made a deafening roar and rushed towards the combat area. In the twinkling of an eye, these "fast forward" tanks seemed to be pressed the "slow down" button and suddenly slowed down. Then, a demining vehicle was quickly top note. In a similar situation, the probability is that an anti tank minefield has been found in front. This minefield is likely to be spread by the other party's fast minelaying vehicles in a short time. For a long time, how to lay mines in time and secretly has been the key to ensure the success of mine warfare. Especially when ambushing the enemy's effective force, engineers will carefully camouflage it after burying mines. However, in the confrontation between the two armies at the strategic and operational level, to slow down the enemy's large-scale action speed, secrecy is no longer so important, but the speed and number of Mines laid become the key. This is why the world's military powers continue to develop and improve rapid mine laying equipment. Looking at countries all over the world, what is the development status of rapid mine laying equipment? What are the characteristics of its development? What are the challenges? Please see the relevant interpretation—— Fast mine laying equipment: let the battlefield press the "slow down" button instantly ■ Shi Fei, Guo Shuju German Lars rocket laying system. Can throw the equipment of laying mines and catch up from behind What is the greatest utility of mines? The classic answer is "more damage to enemy targets". With the evolution of modern war, another answer has been recognized by more and more people, that is, "mines can effectively slow down the opponent's attack speed". In the battle of alaman in North Africa in 1942, the German army built a minefield called "devil's garden" with hundreds of thousands of anti tank mines and anti infantry mines, which once resisted multiple rounds of attacks by the British army with twice the strength of soldiers and tanks. During the Gulf War, the Iraqi army laid a minefield composed of 500000 mines. The multinational force was deterred and finally chose to detour a long distance from the western line. The original operation task was delayed until the 38th day. It is not just mines that have this function. Once enough mines are placed in place, they will have a similar effect. In 1945, the US military launched the "battle of hunger" operation, using bombers to deploy tens of thousands of mines in Japanese ports and waterways. This siege has gradually plunged Japan, which is heavily dependent on external resources, into a state of "quasi paralysis". Also during the Gulf War, Iraq laid more than 1300 mines in the Persian Gulf, resulting in the loss of combat effectiveness of four U.S. Navy ships and containing part of the naval and air forces of the multinational force. It is not difficult to see from the analysis of these war cases that the deployment of a sufficient number of mines in a short time has become one of the key factors determining the use effect of minefields. It is true. In the 1970s, based on the prevalence of mechanical mine laying in the early stage, the concept of "disposable mine laying equipment" came into being. This is the embodiment and response of people to the further deepening of this cognition. After entering the 1980s, the development of mine rapid deployment equipment can be described as "riding on the dust", taking the lead in entering the "everything can be thrown" state that can be deployed through artillery, rockets, aircraft and helicopters, and gradually forming a "hybrid" mine laying system with long, medium and short range. First, a vehicle type mine laying system that can quickly construct a minefield at a short distance (about 200m), which is mainly used for pre laying. German "scorpion", American "Volcano", French "Minotaur" and British "shield hand" all belong to this category. Second, the medium and long-range rocket and artillery mine laying system with a range of 10 ~ 70 kilometers is mainly used for rapid mine laying on the possible impact route of the enemy, which greatly improves the aggressiveness of mines. Typical rocket mine laying systems include Russia's 220mm caliber "hurricane", Italy's 122mm caliber "philos", Germany's 110mm caliber "Lars", etc. mine laying rockets are equipped with multiple crawler damage or shaped charge armor breaking mines. The artillery mine laying system includes the RAAM and iraam systems launched by the United States using 155 mm howitzers, and multiple anti tank mines are installed in the mine laying shells. Third, long-distance and large-area rapid mine laying systems relying on aircraft and helicopter platforms are mostly used in blockade operations. During World War II, Germany and Italy began to use aircraft to spread anti infantry mines in North Africa. Since then, various forms of aerial mine laying devices have sprung up, such as the "gatur" aerial mine laying system in the United States and the mw-1 multi-purpose submunition spreader in Germany. While the rapid mine laying equipment moves towards systematization, the standards to measure the performance of rapid mine laying equipment are gradually established, such as deployment speed, accuracy, universality, etc., but in the final analysis, it depends on whether it can delay the opponent's military action to the greatest extent. Russian army "farming" rocket mine laying system. Both change the "seed method" and improve the "seed" Rapid mine laying equipment can be divided into narrow sense and broad sense. It refers to the spreader and the upper control unit, including the spreader and the upper control unit; In a broad sense, it refers to the complete combination of "mine spreader + platform". Generally speaking, people are used to analyzing the development of rapid mine laying equipment from a broad perspective. This is because only when the platform is taken into account can it better reflect the characteristics of fast mine laying equipment, such as fast mine laying speed, wide operation range and high battlefield efficiency cost ratio. At the same time, it can also better reflect the relevant changes in its evolution, which not only changes the "seed method" but also improves the "seed". "Seed method" is the common name of mine laying method. The change of "seed method" is mainly related to the platform on which the mine body is carried and deployed. In the past, the transformation of mine laying from manual operation to mechanical mine laying was a change in "seed method". This change makes the setting speed of minefields faster and greatly enhances the aggressiveness of mines. The emergence of various deployment platforms such as aircraft, submarines, ships, artillery and rockets has led to the emergence of more "methods" one after another. Nowadays, the changes in "seed method" of rapid mine laying equipment are mainly reflected in the following aspects: First, intelligent layout. With the wide application of navigation technology and the increasing intelligence of rapid mine laying equipment, the accuracy of mine laying has been significantly improved. Before laying the mine body, it can be pre programmed through the control system to basically realize "wherever you want it to go". The "farming" rocket mine laying system unveiled in the Red Square parade on the 75th anniversary of the victory of the patriotic war in Russia is equipped with satellite navigation and automatic control system, and has the functions of self correcting wind deviation during mine laying. Before launching, the operator can set mine related parameters, deployment coordinates and self destruction conditions by pre programming, lay various types of anti personnel mines and anti tank mines at the same time, and upload the mine landing point coordinates to form an accurate minefield location map. The volcano mine laying system equipped by the U.S. military can also record the minefield position data with the help of digital sensing systems, such as ranging telescope, digital camera and GPS, so as to realize the accurate layout and marking of minefields. Second, it should be distributed on a larger scale. In addition to the obvious expansion of the scope of ground rapid mine laying equipment, the long-distance deployment of mine minefields is also becoming a reality. Unlike the previous mine laying aircraft that had to fly over the planned minefield at low altitude and low speed to lay mines, the gbu-62b "extended range rapid attack" mine developed by the US Army can be laid by bombers at a long distance. This kind of mine is to add the wing guidance component of aviation bomb to some water mines that can be dropped by air in the past. After high-altitude dropping, it can enter the water accurately at the predetermined position after long-distance unpowered gliding. In the 1980s, the Soviet Union developed space mines to deploy "sky mine fields" to intercept or destroy enemy military satellites. Of course, the project was terminated later for various reasons. Now, aerial mine laying has a new form. This new mine laying method takes the suicide UAV that can stay in the air for a long time as the mine body and is realized through cluster deployment. For example, last year, Russia developed an air minefield system for enemy UAVs based on the lancet suicide UAV and with its speed advantage. Third, the unmanned system has gradually become a "planter". Rapid mine laying equipment tends to be unmanned, which is making mine laying safer, more convenient and more concealed. The umz-k "kleisher" short-range mine laying vehicle launched by Russia last year can mine mines remotely without engineers in an emergency. In recent years, some western countries have also launched underwater mine laying projects using large unmanned underwater vehicles. These large unmanned underwater vehicles can carry multiple intelligent mines and be deployed in the target water area as appropriate. In this regard, the hammerhead shark intelligent mine laying system being developed by the United States relies on underwater vehicles to lay mines. The evolution of rapid mine laying equipment is also reflected in the improvement and improvement of the "seed" - mine body's own performance. Matching with the new rapid mine laying system, the abilities of various mine bodies are also growing. For example, some mines can intelligently identify military and civilian ships and our enemy attributes and decide whether to attack by sensing the changes of physical fields such as sound wave, magnetic field and water pressure and "autonomous learning". The mines laid in batches can "communicate" with each other and determine which mines are the most effective. The new type of mine can have different "shelf life" - self destruction time, and adopt multi-channel fuze to resist interference. In order to adapt to the changes of battlefield environment, some mines have "separated" into more types. For example, Bulgaria has also launched four kinds of anti helicopter mines to meet different operational requirements. After the "seed" is improved, the attack path of some mines also changes. For example, the new intelligent anti tank mine ptkm-1r being tested in Russia can "jump" up, detect the tank top armor with the help of millimeter wave and laser, and attack the "soft rib" of the tank with self forging projectile. American helicopter volcano mine laying system. It is constantly evolving and upgrading in the process of generating and conquering each other The biggest advantage of fast mine laying equipment on the battlefield is that it can lay an amazing number of mines in a shorter time to delay the opponent's military action. However, in the face of new changes, it has also increasingly exposed some shortcomings. First, it is relatively easy to eliminate the mines laid by most of the current rapid mine laying equipment. Take the rapid mine laying vehicle as an example. The mines laid by it are generally exposed on the ground and are easy to be found. To some extent, its hysteresis effect is to win by quantity. For some mines with complex structure and large shape, the laying speed of mine laying equipment is obviously slowed down. In an exercise in 2018, the Russian army constructed an anti helicopter minefield with a length of about 3 kilometers, which took about 1 hour. Although compared with the previous deployment of the same anti helicopter minefield, this speed is significantly faster. However, compared with the anti tank minefield with the same volume that can be created by fast minelaying vehicles in more than ten minutes, there is still much room for improvement in this deployment speed. Therefore, in order to play a greater role in the future, rapid mine laying equipment must continue to work hard in two aspects: on the one hand, it is necessary to transform the mine body and "concentrate" and simplify its shape while "increasing its ability" to make it more suitable for rapid deployment; On the other hand, the equipment should be enabled to deploy more types of mines at a faster speed. The second challenge of mine laying is the single function of mine laying equipment. Different from the previous rapid mine laying equipment, today's rapid mine laying equipment is often "multi tasked", which is better than