Chongfu palace, located at the foot of long live peak of Songshan Mountain in Henan Province, keeps a precious stone tablet - "biography of Kou Tianshi", which records the life and meritorious deeds of Kou Qianzhi, a Gaodao in the Northern Wei Dynasty. Kou Qianzhi once lived in seclusion in Songshan Mountain for more than 30 years. Later, he went out of the mountain and joined the WTO to reform Tianshi Taoism and make Taoism take on a new look. His innovative practice of Taoism, integrating the thoughts of Confucianism and Buddhism, opened up a path of the integration of three religions for the development of Taoism. Kou Qianzhi (365-448), whose ancestral home is Shanggu Changping (now Beijing), moved back to Feng yiwannian (now the northeast of Lintong County, Shaanxi). He came from a big family in the north, and his family believes in the way of Heavenly Master. Due to the influence of the family atmosphere, Kou Qianzhi has been fond of immortality since childhood and has a strong sense of vulgarity. When I was young, I practiced the five bushels of rice and took bait and medicine, but it had little effect. At the age of 18, I got the chance to enter the mountain for cultivation under the guidance of Cheng Gongxing. I first learned from Huashan and then transferred to Songshan to concentrate on reclining for decades. After successful learning, he began to accept apprentices and preach the law. The northern and Southern Dynasties, where Kou Qian lived, was a historical stage of national integration. At that time, northern China was in the midst of a scuffle between local regimes. In his prime, Kou Qian was mainly active in Guanzhong and Songluo areas of Henan Province controlled by the Yao regime of the Qiang Nationality in the later Qin Dynasty; In his later years, the Tuoba regime of Xianbei in the Northern Wei Dynasty unified the north and ended the long-term division. Accustomed to social unrest, the evolution of political power, the invasion of war and the displacement of the people, many people abandoned their lives and lived in deep mountains, seeking to be gods. However, in his long-term Taoist activities, Kou Qianzhi did not forget the suffering of people's livelihood in reality and his long cherished wish to serve the imperial court with Taoism. While practicing Taoism, he paid close attention to the current situation and political trends outside the mountain to prepare for coming out of the mountain in the future. In the meantime, Kou Qianzhi made Taoist Scriptures twice in the name of subduing God according to people's religious understanding and emotion. The first time was in 415, the 17th year of the reign of Qin Hong. At the age of 51, Kou Qianzhi called the Supreme Lord Laojun to visit Songshan in person and granted him the position of heavenly teacher and the commandment of new subjects recited in the middle of the cloud. In the name of the Supreme Lord Lao Jun, the Sutra declared that "Taoism should be cleaned up and three false laws should be eliminated", implemented the new Taoist law of "taking rites as the first and taking food and closed practice", and entrusted it with the important task of "assisting the country and helping the life". The so-called "three Zhang" refers to Zhang Ling, Zhang Heng and Zhang Lu. They are the founders of wudoumi Dao. The doctrines and rules left by them were regarded as codes by the believers of wudoumi Taoism. In the Wei and Jin Dynasties, the organization system of the five bushels of rice was lax, the discipline was lax, and there were many disadvantages, which was extremely incompatible with a unified and stable society. Therefore, Kou Qian used the Oracle as a pretext to pave the way for the reform of Tianshi Dao that he will implement. The second time was in the eighth year of Taichang in the Northern Wei Dynasty (423). When Kou Qianzhi was 59 years old, he claimed that Li Puwen, the grandson of the supreme old monarch, came and gave him the book of recording pictures. The Sutra of recording pictures is not only a classic of reforming Taoism, but also a divinity book in the form of divination. It claims that Kou Qianzhi is the adoptive son of God. He was ordered to hold the Sutra and assist the "true king of northern peace", impeach and call all gods and teach disciples. Combined with the situation that the Tuoba family was about to enter the Central Plains at that time, it was obviously a prophecy made to cater to its potential. It had a clear purpose and coincided with Kou Qianzhi's desire to be an "imperial teacher". It is worth noting that the time of meeting God mentioned by Kou Qianzhi in these two times is on October 5 of the lunar calendar. This is the tradition that the Japanese teachers and the people will accept the merit of the three chapters of the heaven school, which is also the date of the decline of the God school. Kou Qianzhi arranged the time of meeting God on this day, which not only increased the mystery of the Oracle, but also easier to win the trust of the Taoist people. Later, although Kou Qianzhi abolished some of the "three Zhang" old laws, he retained the three meeting day as an important festival. Therefore, during the northern and Southern Dynasties, the three meeting day maintained its status as a religious festival in both the South and the north. At the beginning of the Northern Wei Dynasty, the rulers believed in Taoism. They not only set up immortal doctors, but also built Xuanxian square to refine fairy medicine. This channel atmosphere is beneficial to Kou Qianzhi's Taoist reform. Shortly after the Songluo area was occupied by the Northern Wei Dynasty, Emperor Taiwu tuobatao ascended the throne in Pingcheng (now Datong, Shanxi) in the eighth year of Taichang (423). The Northern Door lords and gentry went to take refuge one after another, and the Northern Wei Dynasty became more and more powerful. In the same year, Kou Qianzhi, who lived in seclusion in Songyue, came out of the mountain and was recommended by Cui Hao, an important official of the imperial court. Coupled with his body and Taoism and the exaggeration of his legendary experience of meeting God, he was trusted by Taiwu emperor of the Northern Wei Dynasty. Tuobatao, Emperor Taiwu, prepared to attack Daxia. The minister was afraid of difficulties and refused, but Kou Qianzhi thought "bike". Later, the war went smoothly. Emperor Taiwu successively destroyed the separatist regimes of Daxia, Beiyan and Beiliang, ended the long-term division after the Western Jin Dynasty and unified the north. Kou Qianzhi was highly valued for "praising the army" and "praying for the emperor". Kou Qianzhi greatly promoted the status of Taoism with the help of tuobatao's trust. According to records, Kou Qianzhi prayed for Taiwu emperor in Songshan Mountain, Zhongyue. Due to his sincere connection with heaven and earth, the Supreme Lord granted Taiwu emperor the title of "Taiping Zhenjun", as well as his crown clothes and talisman, so Taiwu emperor changed the yuan to the first year of Taiping Zhenjun. This year coincides with the Oracle Kou Qianzhi received for the second time. Kou Qianzhi also asked for the construction of Jinglun heavenly palace. Emperor Taiwu himself ascended the altar to receive talismans and became a Taoist. This opened the precedent for Taoism to grant talismans to the emperors of the Northern Wei Dynasty. Since then, all emperors of the Northern Wei Dynasty ascended the throne and held this religious ceremony. "Wei Shu · Shi Laozhi" said that tuobatao "came to the Taoist altar, received the talisman, prepared for the Dharma, and the flags were all green, which was the color of Taoism. Since the later emperors, every ascended the throne like it". In spite of the opposition, Emperor Taiwu built the static wheel heavenly palace for Kou Qian's teachers and disciples, "we must make him not hear the sound of chicken chirping and dog barking, and want to hand over to the God of heaven and work thousands of ways". With the help of the power of secular monarchy, Kou Qianzhi, who was deeply trusted by Emperor Taiwu, carried out a drastic reform of Tianshi Dao with strong folk color. Kou Qianzhi absorbed the thoughts of Confucianism and Buddhism and claimed that "we should also cultivate Confucianism, assist the true monarch of Taiping and continue the unification for thousands of years". First of all, he reorganized the church organization, abolished the hereditary system of "offering wine" and introduced the Confucian Principle of "only virtue is teaching". He himself was honored as a heavenly teacher because of his integrity and standardized behavior. In this way, his status as a Heavenly Master is reasonable, and the practice of inheriting the position of Heavenly Master by the "three Zhang" grandparents and grandchildren is broken at the same time. Objectively speaking, it is a qualitative leap, a great progress and in line with the law of historical development from hereditary system to meritocracy. Secondly, in view of the disadvantages of the five Dou rice road rice rent tax system and the phenomenon of arbitrary collection of membership fees, it was announced to prohibit the indiscriminate collection of believers' property. This practice alleviated the economic burden of Taoists and promoted the benign development of Taoism. Third, with regard to the cultivation of prescriptions, Kou Qianzhi opposed the indiscriminate dissemination of fangzhongshu and the indiscriminate dissemination of book prescriptions for taking food and seeking immortality. He believed that this was "insulting Taoism" and emphasized that fasting was the fundamental way to seek immortality and health. Fourth, formulate Taoist commandments, absorb moral norms such as loyalty, filial piety, kindness and righteousness as the contents of the commandments, advocate the kindness of the father, filial piety of the son and loyalty of the minister, and prohibit killing, stealing, prostitution and delusion, so as to maintain the discipline of the church. At that time, the people of "fraud and hypocrisy in the world" used the Taoist organization to launch an uprising in the name of Li Hong, the pseudonym of Lao Jun. His increased training norms obviously reconciled Confucianism, coordinated with secular social ethics, put himself within the acceptable scope of political power, and reflected the openness and inclusiveness of Taoism. In addition, in the Taoist doctrine, Kou Qianzhi absorbed the Buddhist concept of looting and transportation, and believed that in the era of "the end of looting and falling", the people on the earth should set up altars, worship gods, serve them day and night, and their merits and virtues reach the world, cultivate themselves, refine medicine and learn the art of longevity. In this way, they can become "true kings and people". The so-called "seed people" is the term of early Taoism, which refers to the long-lived people with good virtue, which is the positive result of Taoism's hope to practice. Kou Qianzhi also absorbed the Buddha of Buddhism into the immortal pedigree of Taoism, and his new discipline commandments can also be used for reference to Buddhist commandments. After a series of clean-up, the folk religion color of the old Tianshi Dao gradually faded and changed into an orthodox religion. Through unremitting religious practice, Kou Qianzhi realized Zhang Ling's great wish to civilize the "four barbarians" with a great road. In history, Taoism after Kou Qianzhi's reform is called "new Tianshi Taoism". When Kou Qianzhi's new Taoism became popular, an extreme event occurred, that is, Emperor Taiwu of the Northern Wei Dynasty killed the Buddha - the first difficulty of the "three martial arts and one sect" in Buddhist history. Although Kou Qianzhi vigorously promoted Taoism, he did not oppose Buddhism, let alone eliminate Buddhism by destructive means. When Cui Hao, the adviser, encouraged the extermination of the Buddha, he tried his best to dissuade him. Historical records recorded that "suffering and Hao contend". History has proved that Kou Qianzhi is wise. The Buddhist dharma dilemma is unfortunate for both Buddhism and Taoism. Kou Qianzhi's Taoist reform achieved remarkable results. Since then, Taoism in the Northern Dynasty developed along the path of official and orthodox. After waiting for more than 30 years, Kou Qianzhi created an opportunity for the development of Taoism by carefully designing the religious narrative of meeting God twice and sizing up the situation. The inscription of the monument of the biography of Kou Tianshi in Chongfu palace in Songyue shows that Kou Qianzhi and his new Taoism have milestone significance in the development history of Taoism. (outlook new era)