There are new plans for basic public services such as childbirth, education, medical treatment and pension, which are closely related to life. Recently, the 14th five year plan for basic public services in Zhuhai (hereinafter referred to as the plan) was officially released. In the next five years, Zhuhai's basic public services will comprehensively improve quality and efficiency. The plan focuses on nine areas and is committed to enabling the people to achieve a high level of education, education, income from work, medical treatment, support for the elderly, housing, support for the weak, support for the military and rich culture and sports. At present, the whole city of Zhuhai is focusing on "industry first, traffic improvement, urban leapfrogging and people's livelihood". The expansion of urban scale and the improvement of people's livelihood are closely related to the supply level of basic public services. In Zhuhai, a public service supply side structural reform focusing on "making up for weaknesses, promoting balance and strengthening characteristics" is accelerating action to help build a model city for people's livelihood and happiness. Three signals Promote the balanced development of service resources in the East and West Local governments provide basic public services to the broad masses of the people. Since it is closely related to people, the interpretation of the plan should pay attention to the population change of Zhuhai. According to the data of Guangdong "Qipu", the permanent resident population of Zhuhai was 2.4396 million in 2020, an increase of 879400 in ten years, with an average annual growth rate of 4.57%. From 1.5602 million people in the "six general cities" to 2.4396 million people in the "seven general cities", it can be seen that in the past decade, Zhuhai's population has galloped all the way towards the goal of "big city". Where did everyone go? Zhuhai statistics show that in 2020, the total resident population of Xiangzhou District was about 1.12 million, accounting for half of the total population of the city with the power of one district. At present, the eastern main urban area dominated by Xiangzhou District has a high degree of population aggregation and relatively complete social and public service facilities, while the western region dominated by Jinwan and Doumen has relatively weak public service resources, forming a sparse pattern in the East. The plan proposes that Zhuhai should speed up the establishment of a basic public service resource allocation mechanism of "resources go with people" and effectively improve the utilization rate of resources. "The development of cities is mostly accompanied by the expansion of population scale, so as to have more output value, tax and other economic benefits." Chen Guanghan, chief expert of the Guangdong Hong Kong Macao Development Research Institute of Sun Yat sen University, believes that Zhuhai should also pay attention to attracting more young people and attract more young people to live and work here with talent policies. It can be seen that the primary key word for interpreting the plan is: demographic dividend. With the accelerated flow of population resources, which region will have more population increment in the future will also have greater preference for public service resources. Another key word is: make up the short board. Zhuhai proposed to focus on key areas such as education, medical treatment and housing. In the field of education, the next few years will focus on solving the contradiction between population growth and the supply and demand of public degrees; In the medical field, we will focus on the balanced allocation of medical and health resources in the eastern and western regions and build a solid grass-roots health service network. According to statistics, as of the end of 2020, the population of the registered residence of the elderly over 60 years old accounted for 244 thousand of the total population, accounting for 10% of the total registered residence population. Although the aging degree of Zhuhai is still relatively low, the number of elderly people in the city has doubled in the past 15 years. "Coping with aging" has also become a key word for Zhuhai to provide public services in the next few years. Zhuhai proposes that by 2025, the proportion of nursing beds in elderly care beds will reach more than 55%, one social worker per 1000 elderly people in the community, the contracted service coverage rate of family doctors for the elderly over 65 will reach 75%, and the monthly visit rate of the elderly with special difficulties will reach 100%. A feature Remove institutional barriers and integrate people from Hong Kong and Macao into Zhuhai With the in-depth promotion of the construction of Guangdong Hong Kong Macao Great Bay area, many new explorations and practices have emerged in the field of people's livelihood in Zhuhai and Macao in recent years. By the end of November last year, Zhuhai had issued more than 50000 Zhuhai social security cards to Macao residents. Macao residents have Zhuhai social security card and can enjoy medical security with the same treatment as citizens in Zhuhai, which provides a solid foundation for their work and life in Zhuhai. "These are very good exploration and practice. In the future, Zhuhai and Macao should realize the convergence of rules in the field of basic public services. We can test in Hengqin first, gain experience, and then replicate and promote in Zhuhai." Peng Peng, executive chairman of the Guangdong Institute of system reform, said. The reporter found that the plan also has many contents related to the in-depth integration of public services in Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao. In the context of normalized epidemic prevention and control, Zhuhai and Macao have established a joint prevention and control mechanism to achieve mutual assistance and cooperation in the fields of communication and information sharing between the two places. On this basis, Zhuhai also proposed that in the next five years, Zhuhai and Macao should establish a close epidemic prevention and control mechanism, realize the direct network reporting rate of public health emergencies and infectious diseases in medical and health institutions in the two places to reach 100%, and make a major breakthrough in the medical referral system in Zhuhai and Macao. The two sides should conduct comprehensive and in-depth cooperation in entry-exit inspection and quarantine, case transfer, comprehensive study and judgment of epidemic prevention and control situation in Zhuhai, Hong Kong and Macao, and emergency drills for public health emergencies. The integrated development of Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao is an important link to promote the accelerated flow of talent elements. In recent years, Guangdong and Macao have continued to take the lead in the field of cross-border practice of professionals, bringing together many professionals such as tour guides, architects and doctors in Zhuhai. The plan also proposes to support and encourage more Hong Kong and Macao talents to innovate and start businesses in Zhuhai, increase financial support, promote the docking of cross-border public services, and further remove the institutional obstacles such as employment and entrepreneurship, social security and professional qualification of Hong Kong and Macao personnel in Zhuhai, so as to provide a more convenient environment for the employment of Hong Kong and Macao talents in Zhuhai. In order to cope with the development trend of urban aging, the plan also proposes to give play to the advantages of Zhuhai adjacent to Hong Kong and Macao and speed up the formation of an integrated industrial development model of "pension + medical rehabilitation". "Zhuhai has a beautiful urban natural environment, and the level of urban public services has been further improved, which is very attractive to people in Hong Kong and Macao." Peng Peng believes that there should be a comprehensive plan for the development of the elderly care industry in Zhuhai. For example, famous schools and hospitals should go to the west to set up branches, campuses and branches, so as to drive housing construction; At the same time, we should also deal with the boundary between the government and the market, fully mobilize market forces and accelerate industrial development. Two key points Achieve a high level of learning and teaching and medical treatment "Basic public services play a strong role in enhancing the attractiveness of cities." Chen Guanghan believes that Zhuhai needs to consider two aspects: first, it should not only establish a whole chain high-quality basic education system, but also create an innovative and entrepreneurial cultural atmosphere to attract high-quality talents; Secondly, we should provide good medical security for young people, their parents and families. In recent years, Zhuhai has been committed to promoting the balanced development of medical resources in the East and West. Two years ago, Nanping District of Zhuhai women's and children's hospital was officially opened, which is mainly responsible for the medical treatment of women and children in the city. At the same time, as a regional treatment center for critically ill pregnant women and newborns, it further radiates and facilitates the medical treatment of residents in western urban areas. In the next five years, in the medical field, Zhuhai will draw a clear "construction drawing" again: the construction projects of Jinwan Central Hospital (phase II), the comprehensive outpatient building of the Fifth People's Hospital and the disease control and prevention center of Jinwan District, so as to gradually narrow the gap between the medical and health development of the East and the West. According to the target, by 2025, the per capita expenditure for basic public health services in Zhuhai will reach 80 yuan, the number of beds in medical institutions per 1000 people will reach 6.5, and the number of practicing (Assistant) doctors per 1000 permanent residents will reach 4.67. In the field of education, Zhuhai has not only established a whole chain high-quality basic education system, but also set specific goals in each link to promote the further improvement of education level. With the continuous expansion of urban population, Zhuhai has put forward that the quality and capacity of preschool education will be improved and expanded in the next five years, and streets, village collectives, state-owned enterprises and institutions, colleges and universities will be encouraged to set up public kindergartens; Support social forces to hold inclusive private kindergartens in various forms. Zhuhai proposed that during the "14th five year plan" period, the proportion of children in inclusive kindergartens in the city remained stable at more than 85%, and the gross enrollment rate in the three pre-school years remained at more than 100%. We will strengthen the allocation of educational public service resources in the East and West, accelerate the improvement of educational public service levels in the west, and dynamically match population changes. At the beginning of this month, Zhuhai Education Bureau, Zhuhai Xiangzhou District People's government and Zhuhai high tech Zone Management Committee signed an agreement to open Zhuhai Wenyuan middle school Lihe campus in Beiwei area of high tech Zone. The landing of high-quality junior high schools in Zhuhai high tech Zone is an important achievement of the two levels in Zhuhai City to jointly promote the balanced development of educational resources. In the future, Zhuhai proposes to continuously optimize the allocation of resources in the East and West, give full play to the radiation and driving role of Municipal School Running alliance and municipal high-quality educational resources, expand the coverage of high-quality educational resources and improve the quality of education and teaching. Establish a quality education group in the region by means of multi school cooperation and regional groups. ■ dialogue Yue Jinglun, Professor, School of politics and public affairs management, Sun Yat sen University Walk out of "Zhuhai characteristics" with moderate forward-looking thinking Nanfang Daily: what is the current level of basic public services in Zhuhai? Yue Jinglun: Generally speaking, Zhuhai's basic public service level is in the first place among the nine cities in the Pearl River Delta, and it can be said to be in the forefront in the fields of comprehensive security, social welfare services, sports services and so on. Compared with other regions in Guangdong, Zhuhai has the advantages of relatively high per capita GDP and relatively rich financial resources, which has laid a good foundation for the development of basic public services; Secondly, Zhuhai attaches importance to the development of basic public services, and the proportion of financial investment in basic public services is high; Third, Zhuhai's population is moderate, the degree of aging is relatively low, and the internal gap between urban and rural areas and regions is not wide, which is conducive to the rational allocation of public service resources; Fourth, with the promotion of the construction of Guangdong Hong Kong Macao Great Bay area and Hengqin Guangdong Macao deep cooperation zone, Zhuhai's regional and regional cooperation advantages have become increasingly prominent; Fifth, Zhuhai has a beautiful environment and a high level of ecological civilization development. It is a livable city, which is conducive to the introduction of talents. Nanfang Daily: what aspects of Zhuhai's public services need to be improved? Yue Jinglun: like most domestic cities, Zhuhai still has some shortcomings in basic public services such as education, medical treatment and housing security. The registered residence of registered population in Zhuhai is relatively small, but the resident population is increasing rapidly. It is restricted by traditional factors that are based on the public service planning of registered residence. The provision of public services such as education, medical treatment and affordable housing is difficult to match the growth rate of permanent residents. At the same time, with the development of economy and society, citizens' demand for public services such as high-quality education and medical treatment is increasing. However, the development of public services such as high-quality education and medical treatment requires long-term accumulation, which can not be caught up in a short time for young cities. In view of the good foundation for the development of basic public services in Zhuhai, the planning can show more highlights and moderate forward-looking thinking on the basis of making up the shortcomings and balanced development. For example, combine the development of basic public services such as housing security and public transport with the ecological environment, especially with the "double carbon" strategy, in combination with the requirements of the construction of ecological civilization; In combination with the upside down phenomenon of Zhuhai's large permanent population, more plans should be made to make more basic public services benefit the permanent population; Less combination