Eliminating the gap between the rich and the poor and promoting common development are common challenges facing human society. Nordic countries have implemented various policies to provide social security for various groups and promote common development, and achieved certain results. Their policies and measures are worthy of analysis and research. Strive to achieve full coverage of the social security system In order to reduce group differences, Nordic countries provide people with free or low-cost public services throughout their life cycle with universal social insurance. Related services include the provision of housing and medical services and education for all; Provide childcare allowance for families with children to reduce their childcare burden; Implement the employment market policy with high employment rate as the core. In order to effectively solve the poverty problem of the elderly population, the Danish government has made special arrangements in the pension system and established the employment market supplementary pension (ATP) system. The employment market supplementary pension does not account for a large share in the whole pension security system in Denmark, but basically realizes the full coverage of the elderly population in the country. Denmark has set up a supplementary pension in the job market mainly to avoid continuing the income inequality that may exist during people's work until after retirement, and narrow the gap between the rich and the poor among the elderly. The supplementary pension in the employment market adopts the fixed contribution system, in which the employer pays 2 / 3 of the premium and the employee pays 1 / 3. For some qualified vulnerable groups, the government can use public funds to pay most of the premium. The insured can receive the full employment market supplementary pension in his name at the age of 65, which has become one of the most important sources of income for the elderly in Denmark. In addition, in order to adjust the gap between the rich and the poor in the process of receiving pensions, pensioners should accept income verification. If their annual income exceeds 75% of the social average wage, pension issuing institutions will deduct their pensions according to the degree of excess, and most of the deducted funds will be supplemented to the low-income elderly population. These measures make the poverty rate of the elderly aged 65 and over in Denmark 9.3 percentage points lower than the average level of the members of the organization for economic cooperation and development, about 7 percentage points lower than Sweden, which is also located in northern Europe, and much lower than that of the United States, Britain, Japan, South Korea and other countries. Moreover, the poverty rate of the elderly population in Denmark is lower than that of the whole population, and in many countries, the poverty rate of the elderly population is higher than that of the young population. From this perspective, Denmark's old-age security system has better achieved the security goal of reducing poverty among the elderly. With the development of the aging population, the supplementary pension in Denmark's employment market is also facing certain payment pressure, but it has maintained a stable source of income through good operation and management, and there is no payment crisis. In order to stabilize wage income, promote employment and eliminate the gap between the rich and the poor, Norway has established a social welfare system highly related to employment policy. Norwegian public institutions will timely follow up and understand the job vacancies in social welfare fields such as education, health care and community services, and provide relevant jobs to the job market to support the employment of vulnerable groups and reduce the unemployment rate. The Norwegian government has adopted a series of employment market policy tools aimed at increasing the employment rate, such as temporary employment plan, lifelong employment plan, wage subsidy plan, etc; At the same time, we should vigorously promote the active promotion of human capital and improve the reemployment ability and market competitiveness of the unemployed through comprehensive measures such as retraining and new human resources reserve; It also stipulates that recipients of unemployment benefits must receive skills training arranged by the government and prove that they are actively looking for a job. In order to promote employment while ensuring fairness, on the one hand, the relevant institutions in Norway guide and affect the wage level and employment situation by controlling factors such as credit and investment, mainly maintaining a large number of jobs and low wage level at the same time, in order to bring more new employment opportunities through wage constraints; On the other hand, we will implement policies such as wage deferral, and promote more reemployees to accept the current wage restrictions and job arrangements by promising to improve future social welfare, so as to ensure the income level of most people. Sweden, which is also a Nordic country, implements a systematic individual activated employment plan through an active employment policy. If the unemployed do not join the individual activated employment plan, they will not be able to obtain unemployment benefits. The Swedish government provides the unemployed with a training allowance equal to the amount of unemployment benefits, organizes them to participate in vocational skills training, helps the unemployed find new jobs, maintains a high employment rate and ensures the basic development rights and interests of the low-income population. Pay attention to narrowing the income gap While promoting economic growth, Nordic countries pay more attention to the equalization of residents' income distribution. On the one hand, by raising the income tax rate and social security rate, we can reduce the disposable income of high-income people; On the other hand, raising the level of social welfare and the disposable income of the low-income population effectively reduced its Gini coefficient. In Sweden, the government usually does not directly intervene in the salary negotiation within the enterprise, but the employer and employee negotiate to determine the salary, vacation, on-the-job training and other related benefits. In this field, the main role of the government is to negotiate and determine the national and industrial overall wage standard together with the employers' Association and the employees' Association. The results of this tripartite negotiation are binding on both employees and employers, and the government has the power of supervision and dispute adjudication. This wage formation mechanism makes the wage level and growth rate within enterprises and industries more stable, and the wage gap between different industries is small. Nordic countries generally pay more attention to the use of tax system and welfare arrangements to adjust the income level differences between people and even between different regions. Nordic countries will levy high income taxes on high-income groups and transfer wealth to the unemployed or low-income population through unemployment insurance and social assistance, so as to reduce the scale of low-income population. Due to the economic conditions and development gap between regions, the tax rates in northern Europe are different, and the gap between the highest and lowest tax rates can reach 9 percentage points. In some places, the public revenue is not enough to meet their expenditure needs. In this case, they can receive income return and subsidies from the central and higher governments. Nordic countries often narrow the gap between the rich and the poor between regions by means of overall planning, transfer payment, tax and loan concessions to regions with low industrialization. Sweden, Norway, Denmark and other Nordic countries have also reduced the tax burden of people and enterprises by reducing the income tax rate and other measures. At the same time, they have made up for the shortcomings of the traditional welfare system. They have not only made brilliant achievements in economic development, but also made their welfare system obtain new vitality for sustainable development. Achieve positive results Through the implementation of various social security and income distribution policies, the Nordic countries have achieved certain results in promoting common development. First, the construction of social security system has promoted the improvement of population quality and stimulated the vitality of economic innovation. On the one hand, more comprehensive and inclusive public services provide an important guarantee for the people, improve the quality of the population and promote people's all-round development. On the other hand, the social security network can provide people with basic security, reduce the possible destructive damage caused by entrepreneurial failure, reduce the worries of entrepreneurs, stimulate the vitality of national innovation and entrepreneurship, effectively promote the industrial upgrading of northern Europe, and in turn provide economic support for its high welfare social security system. With the promotion and guarantee of relevant systems and policies, Nordic countries' Life Sciences, green energy, information and communication industries are at the global leading level, and their average share of renewable energy consumption in total energy consumption is far higher than the average level of the EU. In order to ensure the seriousness and sustainability of the social welfare system. The Nordic countries have established the legal system and administrative measures in various fields of social security based on the Nordic laws. The existence of relevant laws and regulations makes the welfare security stable and predictable, which also reduces the worries of citizens and improves their sense of security and happiness. Of course, the Nordic countries have small territory, small population, and relatively single religion, race, language and culture. This homogeneity provides convenient conditions for their development of the current social welfare system. The specific national conditions of different countries are different, and the social welfare system of Nordic countries may not be suitable for other countries. In addition, the high welfare social welfare system of Nordic countries once made its public finance unbearable. The high tax rate supporting high welfare restrained the investment willingness of enterprises and the work enthusiasm of high-income workers, restricted the development of the country, and then affected the tax revenue of the government. In order to maintain the current system and give full play to its advantages, the Nordic countries are and will continue to take improvement measures. (Xinhua News Agency)