The white paper "China's aerospace in 2021" was released recently. In addition to systematically introducing China's major projects and scientific applications in the aerospace field since 2016, it also introduces the main tasks, policies and measures, international exchanges and cooperation of China's aerospace development in the next five years. "China's major aerospace projects are at a turning point connecting the preceding and the following." Wu Yanhua, deputy director of the National Space Administration, introduced that the major engineering projects launched 15 years ago have basically reached the stage of completion and normal operation and application. Now, new major projects and tasks are being planned and implemented in the next 15 years, "In the past, China Aerospace paid more attention to the promotion of space technology. In the new era, we put more emphasis on leading technological innovation and promoting sustainable development with new discoveries in space applications and space scientific research.". What highlights are worth looking forward to in the next five years Launch vehicles have formed diversified launch capabilities on land and at sea, and 207 launches have been carried out in the past five years; The construction of China's space station has been fully implemented, and six astronauts have been stationed successively, opening the era of long-term presence of people; Chang'e-4 first landed on the back of the moon, and chang'e-5 brought back 1731 grams of lunar soil; Tianwen-1 achieved the leap of China's aerospace from Earth Moon system to interplanetary exploration, leaving a Chinese footprint on Mars for the first time; The Beidou global satellite navigation system has been completed and put into operation, and the high-resolution earth observation system has formed the system capability Over the past five years, the implementation of major projects has played a great role in promoting and driving China's space science. For example, in terms of historical evolution, "through the study of the shallow structure of the moon, we have obtained a new understanding of the evolution history of the moon, especially in geology." Liu Jizhong, director of the lunar exploration and space engineering center of the National Space Administration, introduced that through the analysis and research of the lunar samples of chang'e-5, the time axis of lunar geological activities was deduced from the original 3 billion years to 2 billion years, that is, the moon was about 1 billion years younger. "These cognition of the moon, including the evolution of lunar landform, played a very key role.". Liu Jizhong said that in terms of matter and energy, through preliminary research, new types of deep lunar matter have been found, as well as the relatively accurate fine structure of cosmic ray energy spectrum so far; In terms of space environment, through several years of scientific research, we have a new understanding of the radiation dose of lunar particles and obtained new values. "We also found that the lunar micro magnetosphere has established a new model and mechanism for the interaction between the solar wind and the moon. Through the observation of the earth from space, we have also obtained a new understanding of the whole activity evolution of the earth's plasma layer." Liu Jizhong said. The foundation is solid and the future can be expected. So what are the highlights of China's aerospace industry during the 14th Five Year Plan period? According to Wu Yanhua, during the "14th five year plan" period, China will start a number of new major aerospace projects, including the fourth phase of the lunar exploration project and the planetary exploration project. It will also demonstrate the implementation of a number of major projects such as heavy launch vehicles, which will be implemented in succession after the approval. "We should promote the integrated and coordinated development of space technology and space applications. In particular, we should work together to build space infrastructure, including communication, navigation and remote sensing satellites, form a perfect space infrastructure, promote satellite applications, widely serve economic and social development and serve the world at the same time." Wu Yanhua said that in the next step, we will make an overall plan for space scientific exploration and launch a number of satellites for scientific demonstration. At the same time, we should make good use of the space station, lunar exploration and planetary exploration platforms, carry out in-depth scientific research, strive for original scientific discoveries and make contributions to mankind. Key "Xihe" exploration results are expected Xihe satellite is the first scientific and technological experimental satellite for solar exploration in China. After chang'e-5 successfully realized the lunar sampling return and tianwen-1 successfully realized the "orbit, fall and patrol" exploration of Mars, "Xihe" enabled China to realize the full coverage of the exploration of the earth, planets and the sun in the solar system within one year, playing the "trio" of China's deep space exploration. After more than three months of in orbit testing and experiments, Xihe satellite has completed more than 40 technical verification of the satellite platform and 290 times of sun detection and imaging. The satellite platform and related loads work stably and normally, and their functions and performance meet the general requirements of development. At present, Xihe satellite has achieved a series of technical and scientific experimental results. According to Zhao Jian, director of the earth observation and data center of the National Space Administration, first, the ultra-high pointing accuracy and ultra-high stability technology of the new high-precision satellite platform have been verified in orbit. Compared with the traditional satellite platform with the same inertia, the pointing accuracy and stability accuracy of this satellite have been improved by two orders of magnitude. Second, in terms of solar scientific exploration, this is the first time in the world to obtain solar h in orbit- α Spectral line, full day surface H- α Spectral image of band. Sun H- α What are the spectral lines? "This is the spectral line generated by the electronic energy level transition after the interaction between photons and hydrogen atoms. It is the most responsive spectral line during the solar explosion, which can directly reflect the characteristics of the explosion." Zhao Jian introduced that in the past, human observation of the sun, H- α Spectral lines can only be detected on earth, but due to atmospheric disturbance, this data is discontinuous and unstable. "Now through the satellite in orbit detection, these unstable factors can be removed, and high-resolution observation and imaging of the sun can more accurately obtain the changes of atmospheric temperature, speed and other physical quantities during the solar eruption, and then establish a complete physical model of energy accumulation, release and transmission from the photosphere to the corona, which is helpful to study the dynamics of solar eruption Scientific process and physical mechanism provide key data, which is expected to obtain scientific output with international influence. " Zhao Jian said. With regard to China's future plan to explore the sun, Zhao Jian said that at present, scientists are carrying out relevant demonstration and research, which will further understand the solar structure, determine the characteristics of solar activity, master its mechanism and activity law, and better predict space weather for the benefit of mankind. Focus on the launch of Chang'e 8 before 2030 At present, the state has approved the fourth phase of the lunar exploration project, including Chang'e 6, Chang'e 7 and Chang'e 8. These three tasks will be implemented successively in the next 10 years. "Chang'e-4, which we have launched, landed on the back of the moon and the mission has been successfully implemented." Liu Jizhong said that there are three subsequent tasks. Chang'e-6 will go to the high-value area of the moon for sampling and return, and then new lunar soil and new samples will return to the earth. Chang'e-7 is mainly for scientific exploration of the lunar polar region, especially for the distribution of water on the moon. Chang'e-8 will carry out scientific exploration in the polar region and verify the subsequent key technologies of the scientific research station. "Throughout the fourth phase of the lunar exploration, we basically need to achieve the goal of building a basic type of scientific research station. At the same time, it also lays a foundation for our follow-up cooperation with international partners to build an international lunar scientific research station. We are also in close communication and coordination with our international counterparts on these tasks and will cooperate to carry out relevant exploration." According to Liu Jizhong, for example, the chang'e-7 mission has signed an agreement with Russia's "luna-26" to conduct joint exploration. "According to the current overall development progress, around 2025, we will complete the relevant work of Chang'e 6 and Chang'e 7, and carry out the development of Chang'e 8 at the same time; before 2030, we will complete the launch of Chang'e 8. Before 2030, the fourth phase of lunar exploration can achieve the expected results." Plan to focus on the construction of international lunar scientific research station "Generally speaking, like the earth's South Pole Station and North Pole Station, we tend to build ground scientific research facilities in the south pole of the moon, build scientific research and experimental facilities in the lunar orbit and lunar surface, and carry out multi-disciplinary and multi-objective scientific research." Wu Yanhua said. So, what is the international lunar research station? How to carry out follow-up work? China and Russia will jointly build an international lunar research station. "Our chang'e-6, chang'e-7 and the corresponding tasks planned by Russia will take about five years to complete the survey before the establishment of the station. We will take about 10 years to complete the construction of facilities. The construction of the lunar scientific research station is like the establishment of a small town. It needs an energy system, a communication and navigation system, a long-distance transportation system and a round-trip system between heaven and earth System and ground support system. If we consider the long-term goal of permanent residence, we should also have a life support system. " Wu Yanhua said that after 2035, it is planned to do scientific research on the moon in batches according to the scientific research tasks of various countries and organizations. "The space agencies of China and Russia will also officially issue a declaration on the construction of an international lunar research station to the world and release the construction principles and participation purposes to the international community." Wu Yanhua revealed that in general, at all stages of the task or project, including various task levels of construction, whether it is system level, subsystem level or equipment level, or scientific data sharing research level, including heaven and earth support level, "we don't set limits and build together". The input-output ratio is 1:10, which is the "economic account" of aerospace return Is it worth spending so much money on space? This is a question that is often asked. Not to mention feelings and responsibilities, it is only an economic account, and the return of aerospace exploration is also very considerable. "The development of aerospace really needs high input. However, aerospace and its applications produce greater benefits. According to preliminary statistics, it can reach an input-output ratio of more than 1 ∶ 10." According to Zhao Jian, director of the earth observation and data center of the National Space Administration, at present, space applications have been widely used in various economic and social fields, such as land and resources survey, environmental protection, agricultural development, forest and grass monitoring, disaster prevention and mitigation, weather forecast, marine development, transportation, education and medical treatment, urban and rural construction, and the application of new technologies has also entered thousands of households, Ordinary people can also personally experience the beautiful life created by aerospace technology. Zhao Jian, for example, pointed out that the communication and broadcasting satellite can provide people with global mobile communication, live broadcast of radio and television and high-speed broadband Internet access, which greatly facilitates people's digital life in the information age; Satellite navigation and positioning has become an indispensable assistant in people's daily life, greatly facilitating people's transportation and travel, and changing people's production and lifestyle; Meteorological satellites can provide accurate weather forecasts for the world and specific regions, and provide warm and thoughtful meteorological support for people's clothing, food, housing and transportation. For example, the demand for people to handle official business, leisure and learning on planes and high-speed railways is becoming more and more urgent, but intermittent signals bring a lot of inconvenience. At the sixth "China Aerospace day" aerospace industry achievement exhibition, Yang Jian, director of the advanced communication technology research office of 25 Institutes of the second Academy of Aerospace Science and industry, introduced an innovative product called "two-dimensional phased array user station". After this product is installed on the high-speed railway, as an important part of the space-based broadband Internet system, it can establish a data transmission link between users and satellites, and solve the problems such as unable to send wechat and unable to receive calls, so as to realize extremely fast Internet access. "Although this phased array user station is insignificant, it looks only the size of a laptop and has no mechanical parts. But it is a sharp tool to optimize communication signals and is easy to carry. It is suitable for aviation, navigation, automobile and other scenes." On the side of disaster prevention and reduction