The fifth day of the first month is an important festival in the Spring Festival custom. Su Shi of Song Dynasty had a poem "the east wind was broken five". In the Ming Dynasty, there was a famous essay "wuzazu", which said: "the customs in central Fujian do not remove dung and soil. On the fifth day of the first day of the month, they chariot to the wild, take stones and return, and cloud 'get treasure'". In most parts of China, there are customs of "breaking the fifth day", "sending the poor" and "receiving the God of wealth" on the fifth day of the first month. Break five It is a folk custom that after the Laba year, on the one hand, we should make material preparations, on the other hand, we should tell children all kinds of taboos: we can't lie or lie; Accidentally broke the bowls, plates, cups and lanterns, saying "broken (year old) safe"; Do not curse or beat others, otherwise it will bring bad luck and bad luck to the beaten and scolded person for a year; You can't cook rice with raw rice or stir noodle soup with raw noodles, otherwise the land will become a scab（ ɡē b ā） Land, affecting the harvest of a year; You can't sweep the floor and pour water out, otherwise you will sweep away and pour away the wealth of a year; Don't urge people to get up and do things, otherwise they will feel compelled by people all year round. These taboos will last until the fifth day of the first month. On the fifth day of the first month, the whole family will have a general cleaning, and all the taboos will be broken, so the fifth day of the first month is also called "breaking the fifth". As soon as the "five year break" arrives, the taboo is lifted, which means that the first stage of spring festival activities is basically over. Because the day of breaking taboos is special, there should be rituals. Therefore, in different regions in the north and south of China, people have formed different customs according to their wishes and needs, such as "sending the poor" and "receiving the God of wealth". Send poor In traditional culture, brooms and brooms are tools for cleaning. They are also unclean because they are associated with unclean things. In astrology, comets are called "broomstars". Once they appear, it indicates that disasters will come to the world. Therefore, people call people or things that can't bring good luck "broomstars". According to folklore, the first day of the Lunar New Year is the birthday of the broom, so it is taboo to use the broom on the first day of the lunar new year, otherwise it will attract "broom stars", destroy wealth and bring bad luck. Later, people popularized the taboo of the first day of the new year, so every household could not use brooms during the whole spring festival. Coal cinders, stove fire, garbage, etc. should be accumulated. If you sweep the floor, you can only sweep from the outside to the inside, which means "getting started with money". If you sweep outside, you are "sweeping money out". The garbage swept together can't be thrown away easily, but can only be stored in a centralized way, because people believe that things such as garbage and waste water during the Spring Festival are stained with luck, wealth and happiness. Throwing away garbage and waste water is throwing away luck, wealth and happiness. It's ominous and can lead to bad luck for a year. However, the accumulation time is long, which will naturally affect people's daily life. Therefore, these garbage can not be swept out until the "fifth day", because after the fifth day, these accumulated garbage will become "poor land" from blessing and wealth, and must be cleaned up and sent away immediately. Therefore, breaking the fifth day is also called "sending poor land", which is referred to as "sending poor land" for short. Some places also set off firecrackers while sweeping the floor, which means expelling the unlucky and unhappy things of the year and keeping them away from their homes. In China, "breaking the five year plan" shows different forms due to regional differences. In some areas, "breaking the five" and "sending the poor land" are "five poverty", that is, driving away "intellectual poverty", "learning poverty", "literary poverty", "life poverty" and "paying poverty". The "Five" of "breaking" refers to these five poor ghosts, which is called "sending the five poor". People believe that the five evil spirits will come to the people with the immortals in the lower boundary of the Spring Festival and hide in the secluded corner of the home, waiting for the opportunity to make trouble and harm people. Therefore, during the "five break" cleaning every year, they take the opportunity to clean them up, throw them away together with the garbage accumulated in the home, and then set off firecrackers to scare them away. Some places "send poor land" to send out "poor daughter-in-law" and "poor son". On the fifth day of the first lunar month in Shaanxi, people tie women with paper, which is called "five poor women" and "five poor mothers". Women with paper bags carry paper bags. People put the garbage accumulated since the first day of the first lunar month, together with the dirty soil and sundries in the house, into the paper bags carried by women, and send them to a wide place outside the gate, or blow them up with firecrackers or burn them with fire, which is called "sending poor daughter-in-law door", also known as "sending poor soil". It is said that Jiang Ziya named his wife "poor God" and ordered him to "return when he saw it broken". In order to prevent the "poor God" from entering the door during the Spring Festival, the people hang red paper on the door to deter it, forcing the "poor God" to return to heaven early to avoid harming the world. On the day of the "broken five", the housewife took off the hanging paper on the door, threw it out or burned it, which is called "sending the poor God". The poor people sacrificed in the central plains are called "poor children". "Poor son" is a poor ghost that everyone is afraid of. In order not to provoke him, people in the Central Plains do not sweep the floor during the Spring Festival, and garbage is gathered to give him on the fifth day of the first month, so as to smoothly let him leave his home. It is called "sending poor son". After the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the "poor ghost" was honored as the "poor God". (Wang Jie, Professor of Philosophy Department of the Party School of the CPC Central Committee) [News Agency]