Uncover the mystery of Scorpio ■ Wu minwen, Yang Yang In November last year, the Israeli Aerospace Industry Corporation (IAI) announced a number of new members of the "Scorpio" portfolio, saying that the "Scorpio" EW system has the ability to jam and confront various targets, including enemy UAVs, ships, missiles and radar systems, and can deal with different directions Enemy electronic targets with different spectrum characteristics interfere. According to relevant Israeli R & D companies, among the existing EW systems, platforms and equipment in various countries in the world, the Israeli "Scorpio" EW system "has realized multi-functional independent adjustment and adaptive change in time, space and frequency domain for the first time, which can be called a breakthrough". So, what kind of EW system is this? What is the development direction of EW system? Please see the relevant interpretation. Electronic warfare refers to the use of electromagnetic and directional energy technology to control the electromagnetic spectrum or attack the opponent's military means or actions. As electromagnetic devices and equipment are more and more used in combat perception, communication and navigation, the status and role of electronic warfare is becoming increasingly prominent. In the battle of Bekaa Valley in 1982, Israel used electronic reconnaissance drones to obtain radar data of Syrian air defense missile positions, and arranged early warning aircraft, electronic warfare aircraft and fighter groups to fight together. This is a typical electronic warfare. In 2020, during the conflict between Armenia and Azerbaijan in the Naka region, the "krasuha" electronic warfare system of the Gyumri base shot down at least nine "bellakta" UAVs, and the power of electronic warfare equipment appeared again. In recent years, with the rapid development of network and electronic information technology, the dependence of weapon system on network information has deepened. To adapt to this change, the development of electronic warfare equipment also presents new changes. Israel's Scorpio electronic warfare system reflects this change. The picture shows "Scorpio" - SJ EW system. New form of "four in one" Last November, Israel Aerospace Industry Corporation announced the existence of new "Scorpio" - G (land-based) and "Scorpio" - n (shipborne) systems. These two latest products apply the relevant technologies of two airborne Pods - "Scorpio" - SP (self-defense protection type) and "Scorpio" - Sj (out of defense interference type) launched in the early stage of "Scorpio" EW system, and together with "Scorpio" - SP and "Scorpio" - t (training type), they form a four in one "Scorpio" EW system. "Scorpio" - G (land-based) is mainly used to detect and interfere with threats from the ground and air, and provide electronic cover in field air defense and important ground air defense. Due to the introduction of new active phased array technology, "Scorpio" - G can simultaneously interfere with the electronic reconnaissance, positioning and guidance systems of multiple incoming targets in different directions. Compared with the traditional EW system, it has faster response speed, higher sensitivity and longer interference distance. With the use of artificial intelligence technology and digital equipment, it can detect and track different targets for a long time, display the electronic combat sequence, and then implement targeted and accurate interference to the targets through automatic operation or operator control. Due to its modular design, it can be installed on different platforms with different sizes, weights and complexity. When multiple scorpio-g EW systems are networked, they can cover larger and more complex areas, form electronic protection for their own targets, and interfere with and destroy the enemy's perception, communication and guidance systems. "Scorpio" - n (shipborne type) is composed of four panels conformally installed on the central mast, which can operate independently or networked with electronic warfare systems on other ships. For maritime operations, "Scorpio" - n has been optimized to protect its warships from detection threats including electromagnetic sensing means carried by opponent shipborne systems, anti-ship missiles, UAVs and UAVs. Scorpio-n also introduces a new type of active phased array technology to find targets faster, more, see farther and clearer. The application of gallium nitride solid-state amplifier enables scorpio-n to better perceive and obtain the operation information of enemy electromagnetic devices, and even track and intercept the detection of low probability of interception radar, so as to provide information support for jamming targets at a longer distance. "Scorpio" - SP and its derivative model "Scorpio" - SJ were launched earlier. Both are airborne pods, which can carry many platforms and have a wide range of interference frequency bands. "Scorpio" - SP can interfere with the enemy's air and ground electronic systems and provide electronic cover for its own combat aircraft. "Scorpio" - SJ focuses on providing out of defense interference. Its interference distance is longer and the range is larger. It can be carried on transport aircraft and air tankers to carry out escort and interference tasks in some safe airspace. "Scorpio" - t is its training type. The development of training type is the innovation of Scorpio EW system. On the one hand, it can avoid the waste of resources caused by the direct training of EW aircraft. On the other hand, it can also avoid the leakage of information such as the operational characteristics and electromagnetic spectrum characteristics of EW system caused by training. It is said that this platform can be used for simulation training of all models of Scorpio EW system. Computer renderings of all subsystems of Israel's Scorpio EW system. The picture shows "Scorpio" - G (land-based) EW system. Highlight distinctive new features Different from the development modes and functions of some previous EW systems, Scorpio EW system generally presents the distinctive characteristics of "batch processing". First, the serialization of EW system equipment. EW capability comes from EW systems and equipment. Land, sea and air combat platforms have different requirements for the shape and function of EW system due to their different characteristics of moving space, shape, accommodation capacity and mobility. This has led to some previous electronic warfare systems, although they also have the relationship of mutual reference in technology, most of them have their own emphases, aim at one direction, and even form their own system to a certain extent. Moreover, the development path of these EW systems is mostly "research and development, maturity and installation". The appearance of each component model of Scorpio EW system is close to the "batch processing" mode, that is, four models have been launched in a very short time, and these different equipment models are used to meet the needs of different services and arms, different combat spaces and different combat platforms. Second, it can deal with and deal with different objectives in multiple directions at the same time. In the past, some EW systems can only interfere with targets in a certain frequency band and direction angle, "Scorpio" EW system can simultaneously scan the surrounding combat space in an all-round way, find and locate targets, and then focus the electromagnetic beam to interfere with multiple enemy electronic targets, including UAV, ship, missile, communication link, low probability of interception radar and so on, It has the characteristics of "batch processing" to confront and interfere with many different enemy targets. This is mainly because the Scorpio EW system introduces active phased array technology. Similar to the principle of active phased array radar, the EW system integrated with active phased array technology can use one antenna array to send beams to multiple directions at the same time. The antenna array is regularly arranged by many units that can radiate and receive electromagnetic signals. Each unit can be combined according to a certain law and complete the task relatively independently. In particular, the transmitting / receiving module of the second generation active electronic scanning array began to use gallium nitride based devices, which have greater power density and bandwidth capacity. Therefore, the electronic scanning array using gallium nitride based devices not only has better scanning performance, but also has better detection distance and peak output power. With such technological breakthroughs, "Scorpio" EW system can detect longer distances and more targets, and can detect multiple threats of various types at the same time. Through customized response, it can accurately send special narrow interference beams to different targets. Of course, the application of active phased array technology to EW systems is not an initiative of Israel Aerospace Industry Corporation. Other countries, such as the United States, have also made some progress in this regard. Third, perception and interference have certain self adaptability. The Scorpio EW system is designed to target multiple threats at the same time and can adapt to the complex battlefield electromagnetic environment. The premise of forming this capability is to timely and accurately obtain the enemy's electromagnetic signals, analyze the characteristics of these electromagnetic signals, and modulate the corresponding interference signals according to various technical parameters. This process is obviously inseparable from the "joining" of intelligent information processing system. At the same time, dealing with a variety of threats in an all-round way proves to a certain extent that the "Scorpio" EW system has adaptability to the perception and interference of targets, that is, it can selectively and purposefully determine countermeasures to interfere according to the actual situation and needs. This can also be proved from another aspect. The databases of the four models of Scorpio EW system can be updated through programming to add the latest threat target data. Its ground training type also has the function of training to deal with more current and future threats - it is said that its simulation training content also includes relevant training scenes of fourth and fifth generation fighters. Computer renderings of all subsystems of Israel's Scorpio EW system. The picture shows "Scorpio" - n (shipborne) EW system. Computer renderings of all subsystems of Israel's Scorpio EW system. The picture shows the "Scorpio" - t (training) system. New trends different from the past The appearance of Scorpio electronic warfare system reflects some facts: first, the electromagnetic spectrum is becoming another core field fiercely contested by all parties in modern war; Second, the development of EW system gradually presents a new trend different from the past. First, integration. On the one hand, it refers to combining various types of EW equipment with similar functions into a system, realizing better information interaction and improving EW efficiency on the basis of simplifying the system. A typical approach is to integrate land-based, air-based, sea based and other EW systems into a relatively independent and complementary comprehensive EW system to make it more effective. On the other hand, it refers to the integration of network attack and defense and electronic warfare. In the past, electronic warfare was conducted through RF interception and interference, while network warfare focused on code intervention and processing. With the development of science and technology, the boundary between electromagnetic space and cyberspace has gradually become blurred. Network attack and defense can be better realized by receiving, processing and transmitting electromagnetic signals, and the extension of electronic countermeasures must be closely related to network attack and defense. In particular, the proposal of the concept of cyber space warfare makes the integration of network attack and defense and electronic warfare more realistic and urgent. In 2007, Israel used the "Shute" system to suppress Syria's air defense system and destroy Syria's nuclear facilities, which showed the potential and Prospect of network electricity integrated operation. In 2019, the US Army signed a contract worth more than $900 million with Northrop Grumman to support the latter in R & D, integration, testing and other activities of network and electronic warfare. Second, intelligence. With the upgrading of electronic information equipment carried by UAVs, ships and missiles, the improvement of communication link encryption means and the improvement of its anti-interference ability, it is increasingly intensive and complex