"One or two soils and two or two oils" is an image of the fertility of black land. Due to the highest content of organic matter and the strongest output capacity, black land is known as "giant panda in cultivated land". Recently, the second round of the fifth batch of central ecological and environmental protection inspectors reported that Suihua City, Heilongjiang Province, located in the core area of black soil in Northeast China, has a large number of problems such as "construction before approval" and illegal occupation of black soil cultivated land. The staff found that the problem of inadequate implementation of black soil protection measures was widespread. On December 16, 2021, the on-site inspector of the central ecological and environmental protection supervision group found that the traffic projects under construction in Suihua City, Heilongjiang Province illegally occupied a large amount of black soil cultivated land. On December 19, 2021, the on-site inspector of the central ecological and environmental protection supervision group found that the erosion ditch in Yongjun village, Gonghe Town, hailun City, Heilongjiang Province damaged black soil cultivated land. (provided by the central ecological and environmental protection inspector's office) *** What outstanding problems did the briefing reflect? What is the reason behind it? How to draw inferences from one instance? Two illegal construction projects in Suihua City, Heilongjiang province actually illegally occupied 18144 mu of black soil cultivated land Suihua is located in the Hulan River Basin of Songnen Plain and Mangang District in the middle of Heilongjiang Province. It is known as "the hometown of agricultural products with cold and black soil characteristics in China". "I didn't expect that so much of Jingui's black land was ruined." He Xin, a staff member of the first ecological and environmental protection supervision group of the central government, told reporters that since 2018, Suihua has had a large number of illegal occupation of black land by "construction before approval", and a large number of black soil cultivated land and even permanent basic farmland have been damaged. Only two construction projects promoted in violation of regulations actually illegally occupied 18144 mu of black soil cultivated land, including 10923 mu of permanent basic farmland. "Similar situations are also common in other black soil distribution areas." How did the problem surface? "In the early stage of the arrival of inspectors, we reviewed a large number of relevant materials of audit and land inspectors, and sorted out 124 illegal cases of occupying black soil cultivated land in Suihua since 2018." He Xin introduced that after investigation, the two provincial transportation construction projects strongly promoted by Suihua City since 2019 started construction illegally without the implementation of agricultural land expropriation, the balance of cultivated land occupation and compensation, and the approval procedures for land use and project commencement permit. Knowing that the procedures were incomplete, the local authorities asked the relevant functional departments to "unload the ideological burden of fear of accountability" and "loose law enforcement from the overall situation of work". During the implementation of the project, the stripped topsoil was not used for land reclamation and improvement as required. There are also many problems in harnessing erosion ditches. Erosion gully is a typical form of soil erosion in the black soil area of Northeast China, which directly leads to the reduction of the number of black soil and the thinning of soil layer. Suihua City is a key area for erosion gully control specified in the national water and soil conservation plan (2015-2030). There are more than 14000 erosion gullies in the city, with a total area of 128.9 square kilometers and more than 100000 mu of black soil cultivated land damaged naturally. He Xin pointed out that Suihua City has a serious idea of "waiting to rely on" in the treatment of erosion ditches, and the progress of treatment work is very slow. According to the implementation plan of erosion ditch treatment project in Heilongjiang Province (2017-2020), Suihua City should complete 1152 erosion ditch treatment tasks by the end of 2020, but only 256 are actually completed. Qing'an County of the city should complete the task of harnessing 128 erosion ditches. In fact, none of them has been treated, so it is obviously not done. The on-site inspector found that the minwang treatment project area of Qing'an County is densely covered with erosion ditches, with large tracts of cultivated land, thousands of ditches and hundreds of gullies; In recent years, many erosion ditches in Gonghe Town, hailun city are still expanding rapidly. In addition, in order to protect the topsoil resources of the cultivated layer, the regulations of Heilongjiang Province on cultivated land protection and the outline of northeast black soil protection planning (2017-2030) clearly require that the cultivated layer soil of the cultivated land occupied by non-agricultural construction projects should be stripped, and the stripped soil is mainly used for land reclamation and improvement. However, of the 426 non-agricultural construction projects that have gone through the land use approval procedures implemented in Suihua since 2017, only five projects have prepared topsoil stripping plans and implemented stripping, more than 13000 mu of cultivated land has been directly occupied, and more than 1.8 million cubic meters of black soil resources have not been effectively reused. The relevant departments of Suihua City lack supervision over the above problems, and fail to abide by the law and enforce the law strictly. "The shortcomings exposed in the protection of black land in Suihua reflect the urgent need for overall protection and governance of the widely distributed black land." The relevant person in charge of the central ecological and environmental protection supervision office said. The implementation of black land protection policies is greatly discounted and fraud is a prominent problem of weak black land protection and governance The reporter's investigation found that the implementation of black land protection policies is greatly discounted and fraud, which is a prominent problem of poor black land protection and governance. Jilin Province is located in the hinterland of black land in Northeast China, and more than 90% of the cultivated land in the province is black land. In July 2018, the regulations of Jilin Province on the protection of black land was officially implemented to protect black land according to law. In September 2021, the inspector of the first ecological and environmental protection supervision group of the Central Committee found that Fuyu city did not pay enough attention to the protection of black land, did not implement the regulations in place, did not implement the measures such as stripping the topsoil of black land occupied by construction and controlling the application amount of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, and some black land was damaged. The inspection team pointed out that the inspectors found that from 2018 to 2020, the six projects in Fuyu city occupied black land and did not implement topsoil stripping in accordance with the regulations and relevant policies, resulting in the overburden and damage of black land, with an area of 8.83 hectares. In 2018, the construction of Fuyu No. 1 experimental school alone occupied 5.78 hectares of black land; The 25000 ton potato finished product project of Songyuan bilanshi circular economy Fuyu Co., Ltd. was not approved and occupied 1.51 hectares of black land. Not only did the topsoil stripping not be implemented, but also the black soil of the cultivated layer excavated from the construction of wastewater storage tank was used for subgrade construction. The unified caliber of local governments, fraud and dealing with inspectors is another discovery of inspectors. The Regulations stipulates that the people's governments at or above the county level shall organize the implementation of soil testing and formula fertilization, support the research and development, production and application of organic fertilizers, encourage land operators to accumulate and apply organic fertilizers such as farm manure, reduce the use of chemical fertilizers and strictly control the use of pesticides. The inspection team found that the data of fertilizer reduction and pesticide control in Fuyu city were seriously untrue. "Fuyu city did not carry out fixed-point investigation on the use of chemical fertilizer as required, but calculated the use amount through farmers' planting habits. The data of chemical fertilizer reduction 'go step by step', and the investigation and statistics are a mere formality." The inspection team pointed out that the survey and statistics of chemical fertilizer use in Taolaizhao town showed that although the land conditions for planting were different, the reduction ratio of chemical fertilizer application per unit area of farmers in the same village was completely the same; The application rate of chemical fertilizer of 8 surveyed households in Wujin village in 2020 was 9.09% lower than that in 2019, and the application rate of chemical fertilizer in 2019 was 5.71% lower than that in 2018; The chemical fertilizer application rate of 10 surveyed households in Yongli village in 2020 was 5.17% lower than that in 2019, and the chemical fertilizer application rate in 2019 was 3.33% lower than that in 2018. However, the inspection team randomly visited the farmers in the questionnaire and found that some farmers increased the application of chemical fertilizer in order to increase their output, which is contrary to the data trend reported by relevant local departments. A similar situation exists in the statistical data of pesticide survey in Fuyu city. According to the introduction of the supervision team, the relevant departments of the city uniformly arranged the conventional knowledge and precautions of black land supervision to the villages and towns within the jurisdiction, distributed the theoretical reference data such as the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides and the recovery rate of agricultural film from 2018 to 2020, instructed the villages and towns to unify their caliber, required that when the supervision team asked for materials, "don't take them out at one time", and insisted that the relevant data came from the field investigation. When the inspection team visited farmers, the staff of relevant departments repeatedly "rush to answer" and "guide" farmers to pay attention to the statement. The relevant practices are actually dealing with inspectors and fraud. Some localities and departments lack responsibility, perfunctory response, insufficient supervision and ineffective measures, forming a blind area of supervision, opening a convenient door for illegal mining and reselling As one of the only three black soil areas in the world, the Northeast Plain has a typical black soil cultivated land area of 278 million mu, which is a key part of holding the red line of 1.8 billion mu of cultivated land. Poor protection of black land directly affects food production and agricultural development, and poses a great threat to ecological security and national food security in Northeast China. The relevant person in charge of the central ecological and environmental protection supervision office told reporters that due to long-term high-intensity development and utilization, soil erosion and other reasons, the problem of black land degradation in Northeast China is serious, with thinner soil layer, thinner fertility and harder texture. The situation has been quite severe. "Some cities with important black soil resources lack a deep understanding of the extreme importance of black land protection, and the impulse of protection to make way for development is still relatively strong. They have a negative attitude towards black land protection with long maintenance cycle and high capital consumption, perfunctory response, formality and lax style, resulting in the implementation of relevant requirements less than the 'last kilometer', or even fundamental It will not be implemented. " The person in charge introduced. At the regulatory level, the responsibilities of relevant departments are absent, and the ability to perform duties is weak. Not only the work progress is slow, but also there are no effective measures and methods to manage it. "Some functional departments simply do not know that they have the function of protecting the black soil." He Xin admitted that the stripped black soil of the project construction should be used for land reclamation and improvement of medium and low yield fields, but these black soils were actually wasted due to inadequate supervision by relevant departments. The reporter combed the 2021 land violations reported by the Law Enforcement Bureau of the Ministry of natural resources and found that the problem of weak supervision was quite prominent. In January 2021, Ma and Wang stole peat black soil in the name of land transformation, involving 143.15 mu of cultivated land in Futai village, Shahezi Town, Wuchang City, Heilongjiang Province. The supervision committee of Harbin Municipal Commission for Discipline Inspection gave Party discipline and government sanctions to 13 responsible persons who failed to perform their duties. In April 2019, an international trade Co., Ltd. in Liaoning arbitrarily occupied 25.31 mu of cultivated land in cuijiatun village, yiniubaozi town and Majiagou village, sanmianchuan Town, Faku County to build Xianxia town project. The Discipline Inspection Commission of the county criticized, educated and admonished the four responsible persons. Lax law enforcement and supervision and ineffective measures have formed blind and weak areas of supervision, and opened the door for illegal mining and reselling. An insider in the landscaping industry told reporters that the survival rate of greening plants planted with black soil is high, and black soil is very popular in the field of landscaping. "Some criminals take advantage of the 'dark moon and high wind' to steal and dig black soil in wetlands and farmland, and can earn more than 100000 yuan a night, which is almost a huge profit without cost." The reporter browsed several major e-commerce platforms and found that many businesses are selling "northeast peat soil" and "northeast humus soil", with a price of about 2 yuan per kilogram. If the purchase volume is large, there can be a discount. "At the level of system construction, at present, the state and Northeast China have formulated some plans and implementation plans for the protection of black land, but there are still some problems, such as insufficient policy coordination, no stable investment mechanism, unclear responsibility subjects and so on, which are easy to fight on their own and lack of overall planning." For example, He Xin said that for the black soil erosion ditches distributed across regions, more governance funds are required, and there is no mature working mechanism in terms of who comes out, how much, and who supervises. It is urgent to protect the black land. We must strengthen political supervision, accurately standardize and make good use of accountability tools, and compact the main responsibility of the Party committee and government In order to keep the scarce black land resources