In the Yellow River Delta in winter, migratory birds play in groups on the water; Cherry blossoms bloom on the Bank of Qinglong Lake in Chengdu, Sichuan; In Zhangjiangkou, Fujian Province, mangroves swayed gently with the sea breeze and fluctuated like waves... These beautiful scenery belong to a common ecosystem - wetland. *** This year marks the 30th anniversary of China's accession to the Convention on wetlands and the formal implementation of the wetland protection law. In recent years, China has continued to promote wetland protection and restoration, and the wetland ecological situation has continued to improve. China is rich in wetland types, with a total area of more than 60 million hectares, ranking first in Asia and fourth in the world. At the beginning of this month, the national forestry and grass administration announced the latest pilot acceptance results of national wetland parks, and 44 wetland parks passed the acceptance. So far, there are 899 National Wetland Parks in China. At present, China's wetland protection and management system has been preliminarily established. With 4% of the world's wetlands, it meets the needs of 1 / 5 of the world's population for wetland production, life, ecology and culture. "New findings are found every year" The increase of birds means the improvement of the wetland ecosystem of the Yellow River At 7 a.m. on January 10, Yao Haifeng, a patrolman at Zhongmou station of the Yellow River Wetland Nature Reserve in Zhengzhou, Henan Province, had a quick breakfast and went out with a telescope. Zhongmou station is at the northernmost end of the reserve, about an hour's drive in the past. He has to catch up with a patrol at 8 o'clock and stay in the reserve for 24 hours. Downstream wetland protection and ecological management are important aspects of ecological protection and high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin. Zhengzhou Yellow River Wetland Nature Reserve is located in the transition section of the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River, just on the middle line of the three major migratory bird migration channels in China. In recent years, under the protection and restoration of relevant departments, water, grass, fish and shrimp have become more and more abundant in the Yellow River beach. From mid October to April of the next year, nearly one million migratory birds stop here to look for food or overwinter. Yao Haifeng's work during the day is to observe birds in the reserve. He took a notebook with him and recorded the date, place, weather conditions, bird name, quantity, living environment... In case of injured or sick birds, he was responsible for taking them to the rescue station. In the evening, he will continue to monitor in the monitoring room. The reserve is equipped with long-distance desktop cameras and night imaging equipment, which can see places that are not easy to see. At the end of a day, Yao Haifeng's observation record book has recorded many kinds of birds, including 500 or 600 cranes alone. Grey crane is the most common bird in the Yellow River Wetland Nature Reserve. In addition, there are about 275 national first-class and second-class protected birds such as black stork and Oriental white stork. Yao Haifeng said that in recent years, with the gradual improvement of the wetland ecological environment and the reduction of human activities, the bird resources in the reserve have become increasingly stable. As an indicator animal of wetland ecosystem, the species and population of birds directly reflect the quality of wetland ecology. The increase of birds means the improvement of the wetland ecosystem of the Yellow River. Zhao Zongying, a monitor of the reserve management center, said: "over the past 15 years, new discoveries have been made every year." In November 2020, he saw the white crane, a national protected bird; In November 2021, I saw the white naped crane, a national first-class protected bird. "The white pillow crane is the first bird I've seen since I went to work. I saw six at that time. It may be a family, large and small, looking for food on the island in the middle of the river." Zhao Zongying said. Nowadays, there are more and more measures to protect birds in the reserve. Wang Wei, deputy director of Zhengzhou Yellow River Wetland Nature Reserve Management Center, said: "Last year, we selected 10000 mu of areas with high ecological value to implement ecological compensation measures and return farmland to humidity. This year, we plan to expand another 10000 mu. At the same time, the reserve has implemented a bird habitat protection project in Zhongmou section, where wheat is specially planted. In snowy days, we are afraid that birds will not find food, and we will sprinkle corn." Talking about the changes in the wetlands of the Yellow River, Wang Wei sighed deeply: "I am a native of Zhengzhou. I worked here as soon as the reserve management center was established in 2006. In the past, human activities in the Yellow River wetland area were frequent, development and utilization were excessive, and wetland resources were degraded. Since the implementation of the ecological protection and high-quality development strategy of the yellow River Basin, Henan Province has established a degraded wetland restoration system, and Zhengzhou has invested a lot of human and material resources to clean up the reserve Governance and environmental improvement, and gradually restore wetland ecological functions. " Wang Wei said that he is most gratified now that the local people's awareness of wetland protection has gradually increased. "When the reserve was first established, the people did not know what the reserve and wetland were. Hunting wild animals and destroying wildlife habitats occurred from time to time. Through the protection publicity in recent years, everyone had this awareness. During the patrol process, the people often provided us with information when they saw new birds, and took the initiative to inform us when they found the behavior of destroying wetlands Report. " "The sea forest is fat again" China has become one of the few countries with net growth of mangrove area in the world Yunxiao County, Zhangzhou City, Fujian Province is located at the mouth of the Zhangjiang River. The sea water salinity is low. There are large mangrove wetlands along the coast, which is very suitable for the cultivation of clams, razor clams and oysters. Zhou Laiyuan, a villager of Hezhong village, is a large farmer. He has contracted more than 200 mu of shrimp pond opposite the village to cultivate Sinonovacula constricta for more than 20 years. However, in August last year, Zhou Laiyuan withdrew the shrimp pond from here, along with other nearby farmers. Moving out is to protect the mangroves on which aquatic life depends. Mangrove ecosystem is one of the four most productive marine ecosystems on earth. They are not only an ideal habitat for a variety of aquatic organisms and birds, but also an expert in absorbing greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide: the carbon absorption per unit area is 3% - 5% higher than that of other forest systems. However, such ecosystems can also be easily destroyed. Wang Wenqing, Secretary General of the Executive Committee of the mangrove group of the Chinese ecological society, said that because it is located in the complex sea land junction zone, it is much more difficult to plant trees on the beach than on the land. "Mangroves are in a very fragile environmental zone, just like standing on the edge of a cliff. If they are careless, they are in danger of breaking into pieces." Statistics show that in the 1950s, there were about 50000 hectares of mangroves in China's coastal areas, but with the large-scale reclamation of land from the sea, disorderly aquaculture and the invasion of alien species, the natural mangroves shrank in a large area. Zhangjiangkou Mangrove National Nature Reserve in Zhangzhou city has the largest mangrove area in the north of the Tropic of cancer in China, but only 26 hectares remain when the forest area is the least due to human destruction. In order to restore this wetland, in 2018, the core area and buffer zone of the Reserve began to implement the return of aquaculture ponds. So far, more than 560 hectares of aquaculture ponds have been returned. Retirement is not to kill the breeding. Huang guanmin, director of the publicity and education center of the reserve, said: "we hope to clarify the ecological impact of aquaculture activities on mangrove wetlands and guide the transformation from disorderly aquaculture to orderly aquaculture." Fang Yan, a green crab farmer, has always felt that "if you want high income, the larger the breeding area, the better." However, the result is that the output fluctuates greatly and the benefit can not be improved. Last year, under the guidance of experts, he improved the breeding mode and planted a certain area of mangrove plants in the breeding pond. The breeding area was less, but the output of green crab increased a lot. In addition to regulating aquaculture, local governments have also carried out mangrove habitat restoration, elimination of invasive species such as Spartina alterniflora and seedling cultivation measures, which have achieved good results. Huang guanmin introduced that in 2021, the total area of mangroves in Zhangjiangkou exceeded 274 hectares, 5.6 hectares more than the measurement results in 2019. "The sea forest came back, and so did the fish, birds and animals." For many years, the staff of the reserve have photographed the Chinese white dolphin, a national first-class protected animal, frolicking and foraging in the waters of Zhangjiang Estuary. Not only Zhangjiangkou, but also the mangrove area in China is also growing. China has become one of the few countries with net growth of mangrove area in the world. Not long ago, the implementation plan of special action for mangrove protection and restoration in Fujian Province defined the new goal of protecting mangroves: by 2025, 10125 mu of mangroves will be built and 8250 mu of existing mangroves will be repaired. The launch of the "double carbon" target also brings new opportunities for mangrove protection. In 2021, Xiamen property right trading center of Fujian Province established the country's first marine carbon sequestration trading service platform and completed the marine carbon sequestration trading of 2000 tons of mangrove restoration project. In the past, local people cut down mangroves for firewood, which will become "selling air" to protect mangroves. "People support the field, and the field supports people" The best and rational use of wetland resources is the greatest protection of wetlands In the morning, the sun came out. Wang Xiaolou, deputy secretary of the Party branch of Jiache village, Jiabang Township, Congjiang County, Guizhou Province, got up early in the morning and stood on the viewing platform of his home stay. He looked out: there were clouds in the mountains, and the terraces filled with water glittered like a mirror in the sunshine. The stilted buildings and rain bridges in the fields are looming in the white fog. There are tourists who like photography in the store. They have gone out with their cameras on their backs and are in a hurry to record the picturesque beauty. "Terraced fields cloud up" and "nine mountains, half water and half fields" can be used to describe this place. Jiabang township is located in the deep mountain area of moon mountain, and its residents are basically Miao nationality. The paddy fields here are close to the mountain and vary in size and shape with the change of mountain topography. They are collectively referred to as Jiabang terrace, with a total area of nearly 10000 mu. Not long ago, it just passed the national acceptance and became a national wetland park. Different from other natural wetlands, Jiabang terrace wetland is an artificial wetland, which has been dug by generations of Miao people with their hands for thousands of years. In the past, because of poverty, most of the young people in the village went out to work, and the terraced fields were seriously abandoned. In 2019, the regulations on the protection of moon mountain terraces in Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture was issued, officially protecting the concentrated continuous terraces inherited from generation to generation and of important protection value in the moon mountain area, as well as the irrigation facilities, water conservation forests, villages and original ecological cultural landscapes related to the terrace production technology system and ecosystem, so as to promote the sustainable utilization of terraces. Based on the principle of protection and utilization, Jiabang Township excavates traditional culture, develops ecological farming and eco-tourism, and takes the road of integrated development of agriculture and tourism, which not only makes the terrace repaired, but also increases the income of villagers. Wang Xiaolou also returned to the village from Guangzhou and transformed his stilted building into a home stay. Now his monthly income can be maintained at about 30000 yuan. Chen Kelin, director of wetland International China office, said that the best and rational use of wetland resources is the greatest protection of wetlands. What is rational use? The most fundamental one is that the ecological characteristics of wetlands cannot change, that is, on the premise that the ecological factors of wetlands have not changed, human beings should make full use of wetland resources as much as possible. In Jiabang Township, there is also a saying: "people support fields, and fields support people." Zou Xueqing, chairman of the people's Congress of Jiabang Township, said that the Miao people in Jiabang township have been using the ancient traditional farming methods so far. It is the agricultural base with the most complete preservation of traditional farming culture in China. As early as 2010, when UNESCO conducted research in China, it selected Jiabang township as the agricultural complex system engineering base of rice, fish and duck. Jiabang terrace is planted with high-quality rice and Xiangnuo, as well as "rice fish duck"