Change the rules of the future war—— Influence of hypersonic weapons on future operations

2022-01-12

In recent years, with the progress of hypersonic key technologies such as scramjet, thermal protection materials, guidance and control, hypersonic weapons have gradually changed from imagination to reality. Compared with sonic / subsonic weapons, the unique advantages of hypersonic weapons will have an important impact on the victory and defeat process of future operations, which are embodied in four aspects. The superposition of high speed and real-time perception can significantly shorten the combat process. The research and development of hypersonic weapons comes from the need to strike high-value time sensitive targets. To crack down on high-value time sensitive targets, we need to perceive, make decisions and act quickly, so as to shorten the "OODA" killing chain time as far as possible. With the promotion of sensor technology, network information technology and artificial intelligence technology, the "OODA" killing chain is changing to a cross domain killing network to form an intelligence information sensing network integrating land, sea, air, space, electricity and network, so as to enable the division of labor and cooperation of various sensors, high-speed flow and real-time sharing of information. The cross domain killing network uses artificial intelligence and machine learning programs to greatly improve the speed of processing, analyzing and utilizing intelligence information. Through rapid identification and rapid decision-making, it provides timely, rich and accurate intelligence information support for hypersonic weapon operations, reducing the time from sensors to shooters from hours and tens of minutes to a few minutes. In addition, the flight speed of hypersonic weapons is more than Mach 5, and the flight of 1000 km is less than 10 minutes, which is significantly faster than the speed of sound or subsonic weapons, which greatly shortens the attack time and basically realizes the "discovery and destruction" of the target. It can be seen that with the efficient support of the kill net and with the extremely fast flight speed, hypersonic weapons will significantly shorten the combat process. High speed and multi platform are combined to increase efficiency and greatly expand the combat space. Hypersonic weapons can be roughly divided into three categories: hypersonic boost Gliding Missile, inspiratory hypersonic cruise missile and reusable hypersonic reconnaissance and strike platform. Hypersonic boost glide missile mainly uses rocket engine to lift off, and then glides to the target without power by glider warhead in adjacent space; The aspirated hypersonic cruise missile is first boosted by rocket engine to the ignition speed of scramjet, and then propelled by scramjet; The reusable hypersonic reconnaissance and strike platform can patrol in the air and space, go back and forth between heaven and earth, and can be reused for many times. The technical difficulty of these weapons far exceeds that of ordinary cruise missiles and ballistic missiles, and their range is relatively long. Most of them are hundreds to thousands of kilometers, and they can attack targets from different directions and regions. In addition, hypersonic weapons can not only be launched from fighter planes, ships, submarines and land-based launch units like ordinary cruise missiles and ballistic missiles, but also launch attacks from space and near space. Obviously, hypersonic weapons have greatly expanded the combat space. High speed and variable trajectory are coupled to increase efficiency, and penetration is "like entering a no man's land". In addition to the extremely high flight speed, another characteristic of hypersonic weapon flight is that the trajectory is changeable and difficult to predict. The hypersonic boost glide missile can maneuver in a large range, not only can complete the "pull-up-down" action in the longitudinal direction, but also can maneuver flexibly in the lateral range of hundreds or even thousands of kilometers, with lateral detour and "hook fist" swing attack. The flight trajectory is complex and changeable, and the landing point is difficult to judge; Under the propulsion of scramjet, the flight trajectory of aspirated hypersonic cruise missile and hypersonic aircraft is ever-changing. At the same time, at extremely high flight speed, hypersonic weapons continue to compress atmospheric molecules with strong shock waves and high-speed friction, so as to form a plasma sheath around them. When electromagnetic waves pass through the plasma sheath, they will reflect and absorb, resulting in weak radar scattering characteristics and even black barrier phenomenon, which makes it difficult for radar to detect. In addition, most of the flight altitude of hypersonic weapons is in the near space range, which is far lower than that of ballistic missiles. Affected by the curvature of the earth, the detection distance of ground-based or sea-based air-to-air detection radar is greatly shortened, and the response time window of the opponent's defense system is greatly reduced. Moreover, even if the defense system detects hypersonic weapons, due to the aero-optical effect in the flight of hypersonic weapons, the target image detected by intercepting weapons is offset, jitter and blurred, which is difficult to track, identify and locate effectively, and the probability of effective interception is very low. It can be seen that due to the coupling efficiency of high speed and variable trajectory, the penetration of hypersonic weapons into the opponent's defense system can be said to be "like entering a no man's land". The combination of high speed and high precision can greatly improve the damage efficiency. Because hypersonic weapons have extremely high speed, their damage efficiency to targets is greatly improved. When a hypersonic weapon carries a ground penetrating projectile to strike, the ground penetrating depth is several times that of a sonic / subsonic weapon; When a hypersonic weapon carries a kinetic energy bomb to strike, a strong damage effect is formed below the strike point through the huge release of kinetic energy, and its damage range is much larger than that of a supersonic or subsonic weapon of the same mass. More importantly, a large number of new guidance and control technologies are used in hypersonic weapons to ensure that they still have high hit accuracy at very high speed. It is reported that foreign media reported in 2020 that the hypersonic gliding warhead hit less than 20 cm from the target at a speed of no less than Mach 5. It can be seen that hypersonic weapons greatly improve the damage efficiency of targets through the integration of high speed and high precision. (outlook new era)

Edit:Luo yu    Responsible editor:Wang xiao jing

Source:81.cn

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