Marx once pointed out that "the problem is the open, fearless voice of the times that affects all individuals. The problem is the slogan of the times and the most practical voice for it to express its mental state." the world history itself has no other way to answer and deal with old problems except by raising new questions ". An important difference between Marx and other philosophers lies in his unique problem consciousness, that is, he uses the principle of practice to understand, analyze and solve problems, and respond to the call of the times. How did Marx understand the problem? Before the 18th century, the mainstream of philosophy has always been idealism. Even in the heyday of western philosophy, philosophers are still tirelessly discussing the abstract problem far from real life: can we prove the objectivity of things with thought? Marx is reflecting: even if we solve the philosophical problem of "proving existence with thinking", will the practical problems faced by this era be solved? did not! "The main difficulty is not the answer, but the problem," he said The problem itself is really critical analysis. In the face of colleagues who are still immersed in their study all day, Marx said in his outline on Feuerbach: "philosophers only explain the world in different ways, and the problem is to change the world." Philosophy is not an endless debate on the choice of words and sentences, but to critically analyze those major problems of the times, and take action to respond to the questions of the times and change the real world. The new philosophy of "changing the world" is completely separated from the old philosophy of "explaining the world", and the history of human thought ushers in the most magnificent sunrise. Once we understand the problem, we must solve it. At the beginning of the establishment of his theory, Marx and Engels found that although the social wealth in Europe under the industrial revolution increased explosively, there were problems such as the increasingly serious gap between the rich and the poor. While workers got rid of land slavery, they became slaves of machines. The manuscript of economics and philosophy in 1844 called this phenomenon "the mystery of history". In order to analyze its origin, Marx deeply studied the revolutionary history of various countries, formed dozens of reading notes, and successively led the Communist alliance and the first international to devote himself to the hot practice of revolution; Engels threw himself down and sank into the factory, lived and worked with the workers, made friends with the leaders of the workers' movement, and formed first-hand research materials through personal observation. They walked out of the "top of the building" and into the "civil society", constantly tossed between the social revolution and personal study, and finally created historical materialism and surplus value theory, which pointed out the way for mankind to seek their own liberation. In the 1980s, the American workers' movement made great progress, but at the same time, some workers' leaders applied Marxism mechanically regardless of the actual situation in the United States. Engels pointed out sharply in his letter to Mrs. wisniewitsky, an American socialist: "our theory is a developing theory, not a dogma that must be memorized and repeated mechanically." This once again emphasizes that the correct application of Marxist theory must be combined with the changing actual situation of our country. After Marxism was introduced into China, the Communist Party of China combined the basic principles of Marxism with China's specific reality and with China's excellent traditional culture, directly faced various problems encountered in China's revolution, construction and reform, and timely answered the questions of one era after another. The Chinese Communists continue to promote the sinicization and modernization of Marxism, so that Marxism blooms and bears fruit in China and radiates the light of truth. The Sixth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee stressed: "we should proceed from reality and answer the questions of the times and the people in time." The times are the examiners, we are the respondents, and the people are the examiners. Facing the questions of the times, how to adhere to the problem orientation and answer the examination papers well, the Chinese Communists have a long way to go. In the new era and new journey, China's reform, development and stability are facing new problems and challenges. We should be good at finding problems from the international and domestic relations, be mindful of the "two overall situations", accurately grasp the changes of the main social contradictions in China, deeply understand the uncertainty and instability of the international situation, and timely detect the development trend of problems; Be good at finding problems from the vivid practice of work. "The knife is ground on the stone, and people practice in things". The important aspect of practice is the insight to find practical problems; Be good at finding problems from experience and lessons, take time to "pace", deeply summarize and think about the blocking points and difficulties in work, and find the root cause of problems. Concrete analysis of specific problems is the living soul of Marxism. "Concrete analysis" is to proceed from reality, go deep into reality and understand reality. No investigation, no voice. Correct investigation and research should be comprehensive, good and bad should be seen, praise and criticism should be listened to, desk research and field research should be done; At the same time, we should grasp the key of the problem and find out the internal law. On the basis of observing the actual situation, analyze specific problems with the ideological weapons of strategic thinking, historical thinking, dialectical thinking, innovative thinking, rule of law thinking and bottom line thinking, and come up with plans for correct decision-making. The foothold of adhering to problem orientation is to solve practical problems. We should dare to face problems directly, not escape or shrink back, have the confidence of "daring to teach the sun and the moon to change the sky", the determination of "opening a way to the mountains and building a bridge in the face of water", and the perseverance of "holding fast to the green mountains and not relaxing"; We should be good at grasping key work and key links, and make overall plans. In the final analysis, whether we can successfully solve problems depends on our own ability. Ability is not inherent and ability is not innate. We must rely on learning and practice. Learning from books, consolidating the theoretical basis and perfecting the knowledge structure; We should also learn from practice, actively devote ourselves to the struggle, go deep into places with great difficulties and contradictions, and temper our excellent skills in dealing with complex situations and complex problems. (Jian Cong emblem) (outlook new era)