Not long ago, Jiang Changjian, associate professor of the school of international relations and public affairs of Fudan University, came to the "Yangzhou forum" to share his thoughts on the challenges facing the young generation in the future with the title of "determined challenges and uncertain responses: Youth and sustainable development". Today's young people have borne all kinds of risks of human development since they were born. The challenges they face are far greater than those of our generation. What we can do is to stand with young people, fully prepare for ideological, knowledge, psychological and action, and face these challenges together. —— Jiang Changjian Social sphere Family relationships that need to be handled are more diverse The first is the challenge of gender relations. Some studies believe that in addition to physical gender, gender awareness also depends on psychological cognition and social construction. For example, the traditional idea is that men should be masculine and women should be feminine. If we use these established frames to see a specific person, we will label him, which is the social construction of gender. In the future, young people will face more emerging new problems in the complex gender relationship network, and will continue to think and deal with them. The second is the challenge of new family relations. Now, many families have pets. Pets have become a member of the family. Some people even have more feelings for pets than for people. This means that family relations have changed. You will find that people's emotions can also cross borders. When more and more non members of this species are involved in the family, how should we deal with this new family relationship? In addition to the relationship with pets, young people also face dealing with the relationship with robots. In the foreseeable future, more and more educational robots, companion robots, service robots and production robots will appear in our study, life and work. Educational robots partially replace parents and school education. They may be more patient and enlightening and can teach students according to their aptitude. Service robots assume the responsibility of caring for elderly parents. They may be better at risk prediction, drug delivery and assisting the elderly. In the future, when children are born, they may have close contact with accompanying robots. Accompanying robots can tell stories, impart knowledge, take care of children and accompany children's growth like parents. So, are children's feelings for accompanying robots the same as their families? Therefore, the family relationships that young people need to deal with in the future will be more diversified. Economic field Digital economy and Internet economy are still the mainstream direction Aging brings about changes in population structure, which is also a challenge that young people must face. According to the analysis of Professor Zhu Min of Tsinghua University, by 2050, China's population aged about 80 is increasing, while the population aged 30 to 40 is decreasing. This will be a big challenge. At present, China's population over the age of 60 has reached 250 million, which means that there will be more and more economic activities serving the elderly population, as well as more and more markets and business opportunities in the future. The aging economy is a very important area that young people need to pay attention to in their future entrepreneurship. Housing economy is also a new economic phenomenon. More people work at home, socialize at home and consume at home. Leaving aside Internet shopping, many young people rely on taking out to their homes for three meals a day. The scale of this lazy economy is slowly expanding. The change of fertility rate will also bring business opportunities to promote economic growth. The results of the seventh national census show that the total fertility rate of women of childbearing age in China will be 1.3 in 2020, which is at a low level. This also indicates that there are huge business opportunities in the related industries to promote fertility. What is the direction of future economic development? We might as well take a look at the top ten most valuable brands of Kaidu brandz in the world in 2021. They are Amazon, apple, Google, Microsoft, Tencent, Facebook, Alibaba, visa, McDonald's and MasterCard. Among them, the first seven brands are enterprises related to computers and the Internet. There is no doubt that digital economy and Internet economy are still the mainstream direction of economic development in the future. Cultural field Internet memes must attract high attention In the field of culture, each era has a certain cultural index guidance. Now everyone likes to watch talent shows. The story of grass-roots counter attack has given birth to many people's stars and online Red dreams. Due to the communication power of the media, reality shows can easily make participants popular overnight. A special phenomenon is that those program participants who are loved by the audience often become popular not because of their outstanding talents, but because of their unique opinions, personality or behavior. Many of them are from grassroots and have no background, but as long as they seize the opportunity, they can fly against the wind. This gives many young people a hint, that is, the hero does not ask the source, how big the heart is, how big the stage is. Therefore, many young people now regard becoming a star and an online anchor as their dream, which is very different from the past. And Internet memes. Internet meme, also known as "Internet explosion", refers to making a marginal event enter the public view overnight through text, image, video and other means, through the Internet and Internet-based social media, causing public opinion, and then becoming the central event that may become a social trend. For example, there was once an ordinary boy image called "little fat" on the Internet. The lovely expression of squinting at people became popular overnight. Many netizens used this material for secondary creation, which detonated waves of xiaopang image creation tide after wave. In fact, this photo was originally an impromptu scene of campus recess activities, but it suddenly entered people's vision in the Internet world and became people's talk and information for sharing. These cultural phenomena must arouse our great concern. Ecological field The adjustment and transformation of energy structure needs a process The earth's temperature is rising, and global warming is one of the biggest challenges in the future. Research shows that when the global temperature rises by 5 ℃, the sea level will rise by 2 meters. Since the industrial revolution, the global temperature has risen by 1.2 ℃. The polar landscape 100 years ago is almost a world away from what it is today. The goal of the Paris Agreement is to control the global average temperature rise within 2 ℃ above the pre industrialization level in the 21st century, and strive to limit the average temperature rise within 1.5 ℃ above the pre industrialization level. Extreme weather such as high temperature, hurricane and heavy precipitation caused by global warming and natural disasters such as forest fire, flood and drought have been common. The first to be affected is agricultural production. The problem of grain failure and famine caused by climate is becoming more and more serious. It is an indisputable fact that climate warming makes sea level rise. According to the current rising trend of sea level, by 2100, Calcutta in India, Lagos in Nigeria, Houston in Texas, Dhaka in Bangladesh, Venice in Italy, Virginia Bay in Virginia, Thailand, New Orleans in Louisiana Rotterdam in the Netherlands and Alexandria in Egypt will be fully soaked in seawater. Similarly, in the future, some countries and regions in the Pacific, such as Kiribati, Vanuatu, Tuvalu, Solomon Islands, Samoa, Nauru, Fiji Islands, Marshall Islands and Maldives in the Indian Ocean, will also disappear. All this will deeply change the way of human existence and bring great challenges to national and global governance. At present, China's main energy consumption is coal, accounting for about 60% of the total energy consumption. The adjustment and transformation of energy structure needs a process, and in this process, it is necessary to ensure economic development to the greatest extent, which requires excellent political courage and wisdom. Today's young people have borne all kinds of risks of human development since their birth. At the same time, they must actively deal with the challenge of climate warming in order to make the road of ecological civilization go steadily and far. Field of science and technology Who is the master of the world in the future Hawking once said in an interview that the development of artificial intelligence heralds the end of mankind, because the development speed of machines far exceeds that of humans. Human evolution is relatively slow and less competitive, and will be replaced by machines sooner or later. The development of artificial intelligence has also aroused the concern of Tesla CEO musk. He believes that artificial intelligence poses a greater threat to mankind than nuclear weapons, because artificial intelligence has its own goals. Once it finds that mankind hinders its development, it may destroy mankind. In Musk's view, artificial intelligence will surpass mankind by about 2025, so it is necessary to strengthen the supervision of artificial intelligence. Ray Kurzweil, founder and President of singularity University and technical director of Google, believes that artificial intelligence will surpass mankind in 2045. Many people in society have called for the supervision of the development of artificial intelligence. China artificial intelligence Ethics Committee issued the code of ethics for a new generation of artificial intelligence, which integrates ethics into the whole life cycle of artificial intelligence and provides ethical guidance for natural persons, legal persons and other relevant institutions engaged in artificial intelligence related activities. Many foreign universities, research institutions and IT enterprises have established ethical institutions to standardize the research and application of artificial intelligence. Of course, not everyone is so pessimistic about the challenges brought by the development of artificial intelligence. Who is the master of the world in the future? Perhaps this question should be asked in another way, that is - who will arrange the world to make the relationship between everyone, man-machine and machine more harmonious and good? In addition to artificial intelligence, gene editing is also a technology that may change human destiny. In 2020, the Nobel Prize in chemistry was awarded to Emmanuel charponje, a French female scientist, and Jennifer dodner, an American female scientist, in recognition of their contributions in the field of genome editing methods. Their "gene scissors" can knock out or add specific DNA fragments. However, the use of gene editing technology has aroused the concern of many scientists. Hawking once pointed out that genetic engineering may be used by those who can't stand temptation to modify memory, disease resistance and prolong life. As long as human greed cannot be suppressed, genetic engineering will make some people superhuman and make other people without genetic modification gradually extinct. From these perspectives, the challenges brought to young people in the field of science and technology in the future are very severe. Virtual and real world Which world should define everyone's identity Most of today's young people grow up playing games such as king's glory or world of Warcraft. Their familiar game accounts, social media accounts, game props and equipment are virtual resources. With the continuous development of VR, AR and XR technologies, more and more young people are immersed in the game for a long time