On December 8, the National Supercomputing Tianjin Center and the University of national defense science and technology jointly released ten application challenges for the new generation of domestic E-class supercomputing system, supporting the solution of major challenges in the world's scientific and technological frontier, the main economic battlefield, major national needs and people's life and health. The research and development of a new generation of 10 billion times (class E) high-performance computers is an important deployment of the country in the field of new generation information technology, which will strongly drive the innovation and development of the national information technology industry. Its degree of autonomy is much higher than that of other supercomputing platforms, and its scale and performance are greatly improved. The release of the top ten application challenges is to give full play to the powerful computing power of the new generation of E-class high-performance computers, develop key technologies and application software suitable for domestic supercomputing systems, and build a new domestic E-class supercomputing application ecology. The top ten application challenges include: full plant fusion simulation of magnetic confinement fusion reactor (artificial small sun), computational fluid dynamics simulation of over 10 billion grid of full-scale aerospace vehicles, dynamics simulation of over 100 million level atomic system of digital cells, sub kilometer level refined numerical weather prediction of convective scale, super large-scale pre training model for general artificial intelligence Large scale pre training model for general artificial intelligence, high-resolution sky survey image processing of fast large-scale observation data, global scale seismic full waveform inversion, 100 billion neuron dynamics simulation of the whole brain, and global sub mesoscale ocean numerical simulation with full resolution. Meng Xiangfei, Party Secretary of the National Supercomputing Tianjin Center and chief scientist of Tianhe supercomputer application research and development, said that the ten application challenges released this time fully reflect the guidance and drive of supercomputing innovation to adhere to the "four orientations". In the future, supercomputing will continue to play the role of a national important tool driving high-quality development through the cracking of major application challenges.