[pay special attention to and commemorate the 100th anniversary of the discovery of Yangshao culture and the birth of modern Chinese Archaeology] *** The extensive and profound Chinese civilization has played an important role. Chinese modern archaeology has gone through a full century of twists and turns and brilliant course. What has been constructed and demonstrated by Centennial archaeology on the major issue of "unique cultural gene of Chinese civilization"? Looking back on the past, we can form some preliminary understanding from the rich archaeological data and rich research results. Sustainable development is an important feature of Chinese civilization Civilization is an advanced stage of human culture and social development. It is a long-term process including origin, formation and early development. As far as the Central Plains region is concerned, it can be seen from the archaeological data and research results of a century that social differentiation and inequality began to appear in the relevant settlements of Miaodigou culture about 6000 years ago, which is the beginning of the origin of civilization in the region and the stage of the origin and continuous accumulation of various civilization elements. After that, the society continued to develop. After Miaodigou phase II culture, Longshan culture and other stages, there was an obvious "national form" in the late Longshan culture about 4300 years ago, and entered a civilized society. For example, the pottery Temple site in Xiangfen, Shanxi Province, which is a capital, has complete civilization elements such as city site, hierarchical cemetery, bronze ware, ritual ware, palace and ritual architecture. After the early development of the national form in the Xinzhai culture period 4000 years ago, the central position of civilization was formed in the Erlitou culture period in the middle and late Xia Dynasty. After the consolidation and further rapid development in the Shang and Zhou dynasties, the Chinese civilization gradually became brilliant. In the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, there has been an obvious stratification phenomenon in the early society of Songze culture at least about 6000 years ago. This is reflected by the new discovery of Dongshan village site in Zhangjiagang, Jiangsu Province. Since then, the region has entered the process of civilization. After the Songze culture, the region continued to develop in terms of economic, cultural and political structure, and the social hierarchy differentiation continued to intensify. After the early Liangzhu Culture beginning 5300 years ago and the middle Liangzhu Culture about 5000 years ago, a series of major archaeological discoveries proved that Liangzhu society had entered a period of civilization. In the late period of Liangzhu culture, the culture became weaker and weaker, the social structure and power tended to be dispersed, and the Liangzhu society in this region gradually declined. The social complexity of Maqiao culture after Liangzhu culture was not high, and the civilization process in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River entered a low point during this period. After the Maqiao culture, this area was gradually incorporated into the process of the integrated development of civilization and country in the Central Plains with the southward movement of the Zhou people. It is worth noting that the Haidai cultural area in the lower reaches of the Yellow River also began to appear the phenomenon of stratification and differentiation at the end of Beixin culture and the early Dawenkou Culture about 6000 years ago, which is the beginning of the process of civilization in this area. After the middle period of Dawenkou Culture, it entered a period of drastic change; In its late stage, the settlement group formed at least a three-tier pyramid structure of large, medium and small; During the Longshan culture period about 4500 years ago, the emergence of a large number of city sites, the complex differentiation of settlement groups, and the discovery of super large tombs at yinjiacheng in Sishui, Shandong and xizhufeng site in Linqu indicate that the social hierarchy differentiation is serious, the social organization and structure are complex, the prototype of the king appears, the ritual system is preliminarily formed, the society has entered the national form, and the ancient civilized society in Haidai area has been formed. It should be noted that the social development in the whole Haidai area is not balanced, and there is no absolute cultural and social central area like Liangzhu society. In the period of Yueshi culture after Longshan culture, the culture declined sharply, and Haidai area was gradually controlled by the civilization of Shang and Zhou dynasties. Hongshan culture appeared in Xiliao River basin about 6700 years ago, and continued to develop until the late 5300 years ago; At the end of its culture about 5000 years ago, social stratification intensified and entered the period of civilization. The civilization process of Jianghan Plain in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River began in the middle and late Daxi Culture more than 6000 years ago. Qujialing culture and Shijiahe culture are the key periods for the origin and formation of civilization in this region, especially the formation of Shijiahe cultural site group centered on Shijiahe ancient city and the center of the whole cultural area around 4500 years ago, However, it gradually declined when the peak period about 4300 years ago was about to enter the threshold of civilized society. After that, the Central Plains culture gradually moved south, and the region entered the development stage directly affected by Xia and Shang civilization. In recent years, the site of Shimao City, Shenmu county, Shaanxi Province, 4200 ~ 3800 years ago has been found in the Shanxi Shaanxi plateau. The culture and society represented by Shimao city site should also enter the civilization stage, but the cultural development of its predecessor needs to be explored. Later, Shimao city site was abandoned. This civilization was interrupted in its evolution process, and some civilization heritages were absorbed and utilized in the interaction and exchange with other cultures in the surrounding areas. Chinese civilization is a unique civilization that has experienced origin, formation and continuous development. It has an obvious process of "civilization". Although there are complex and diverse, non single line evolution, and even the "fracture" of some civilization processes, it is still a "spiral" sustainable development on the whole. More importantly, individual broken regional civilizations do not completely disappear, and some important civilization factors are mostly absorbed, integrated and transformed by other regional civilizations and inherited as civilization genes. Embracing all rivers and pragmatic innovation are important characteristics of Chinese civilization Chinese civilization is the only ancient civilization in the world that continues to this day. The deep reason for the continuous extension of Chinese civilization is a major problem that needs to be studied. In the regional scope of today's China, each geographical unit or region in the prehistoric period, such as Yanliao region, Haidai region, the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, the lower reaches of the Yangtze River and the Central Plains, has its own regional archaeological cultural sequence. The regional culture has its own characteristics and has a relatively independent development process. Moreover, these different regions have interactive exchanges between cultures while their respective cultures are evolving and changing continuously, at intervals or interruptions. For an archaeological culture, the result of cultural interaction is directly reflected in the continuous convergence of various advanced archaeological cultural factors around, "the sea contains hundreds of rivers, and tolerance is great". The religious belief and ritual system with jade as the core of Liangzhu civilization is obviously closely related to the Lingjiatan culture in Jianghuai area, which is also earlier than Liangzhu with developed jade and strong religious color, and there is an obvious difference between the two in adjacent areas. In addition, the discovery of jade with the characteristics of Hongshan Culture in the West Liaohe River Basin thousands of miles away from Liangzhu culture is also a consensus in the academic circles. This eclectic feature of the Central Plains is more obvious, especially in the Longshan era 4500 years ago, the performance of cultural integration and exchange in the central or metropolitan sites reached a peak, and even formed a wave. Taosi culture in southern Shanxi is an important factor for the simultaneous existence of Qijia culture in Gansu and Qinghai in Northwest China, Xiaoheyan culture in Liaohe River Basin in Northeast China, Liangzhu Culture in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River or Dawenkou Longshan Culture in Haidai area in the lower reaches of the Yellow River. It is an indisputable fact that there are interactive exchanges in pottery, jade, bronze, musical instruments, architectural technology and other aspects between the Shimao culture of Shanxi Shaanxi plateau and the Taosi culture in the Longshan era. The newly discovered stone carving images in huangchengtai, the core area of Shimao site, have obviously absorbed the stone carving tradition in Northeast China, while some stone carvings have animal and human face decorations that are more similar to the houshijiahe culture in Jianghan Plain. In the period of Erlitou culture in the middle and late Xia Dynasty, the convergence and integration of advanced civilization factors from the four sides reached a peak again, and Erlitou ritual civilization spread to the surrounding and wider areas. This has become common sense and will not be repeated. The diversity and diversity of Chinese prehistoric culture has gradually formed a more open and integrated civilization in the interaction, exchange and communication of different cultures. Liangzhu society, which has clearly entered the form of civilization about 5000 years ago, has a very strong religious color. This is fully reflected in the jade Bi, jade Cong and complicated divine patterns of sacrificial gods in the tombs. The religious characteristics and settlement structure of the combination of temples, altars and tombs at Niuheliang site in Lingyuan City, Liaoning Province in the late Hongshan culture, including the exquisite jade artifacts unearthed in the tombs, such as jade man, various animal shaped jade artifacts and non practical pottery. Although it shows the identity and status of the tomb owner to a certain extent, its main role should be the religious magic or witchcraft artifact to communicate between man and God. By unifying culture with the recognition of God, faith and divinity are unified. This society can quickly accumulate wealth and concentrate resources. In fact, it has invested a lot of unproductive labor and wasted too much human, material and financial resources on illusory gods. In the long run, it is very unfavorable to the sustainable development of society. More than 4300 years ago, after the pain and impact of the previous divine "retreat", the secular "pragmatic" quality has become the mainstream of culture and society. This may have been shown in the middle and late Dawenkou Culture in Haidai area earlier. The Central Plains region in this period, especially the Taosi culture, can best reflect the pragmatic characteristics of culture and society. There are few large religious buildings in Taosi culture represented by Taosi ruins, but they are willing to spend their strength to build cities and "build cities and build Guo" to defend against the invasion of foreign enemies. A large rammed earth building with the function of systematic "observation and timing" was found in the small town in the middle of Taosi site. After years of measurement and research, it is speculated that 20 solar terms could be observed at that time. The so-called "observation and timing" is the "farming time" closely related to phenology, which is mainly used to guide the farming and planting at that time and develop the agricultural economy. Agriculture was the most basic economic form in ancient China and the support of social production and life in ancient China. Obviously, during the period of Taosi culture, paying attention to agricultural production is the biggest "pragmatism". The rulers of Taosi social group seem to have relatively little investment and operation in religious sacrifice, but put their main strength in the field of productive labor, with a pragmatic style and committed to the establishment of ritual system, which is objectively conducive to their strength savings and sustainable development. More importantly, most of the absorption and integration of foreign civilization factors by these prehistoric regional cultures are not simple replication imitation, but have carried out a considerable degree of transformation and innovation. The bird patterns and variant bird patterns other than the most distinctive God, man and beast face patterns of jade in Liangzhu culture should be derived from Dawenkou Culture and integrated with the combination of God, man and beast face patterns after entering Liangzhu society. After that, the pottery temple culture and society entering the Longshan era absorbed foreign advanced civilization factors, such as the creative use of model cast copper containers, which became the beginning of the brilliant bronze casting technology of Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties. Daily utensils have also been transformed. Some very important utensils, such as jade, rarely have the same cultural phenomenon as the place of origin. Instead, new symbols such as multi Huang couplets, combined headwear and combined wrist ornaments have been created to unite the ethnic groups. the chinese people