Handan, located in the south of Hebei Province, once belonged to the Yellow River Basin for a long time in history. It is an important part of the Yellow River culture, and it is the only city in China that has not changed its name in 3000 years. Handan was the capital of the state of Zhao, one of the seven heroes of the Warring States period, for 158 years, leaving rich cultural relics of Zhao. Han Yu of the Tang Dynasty said, "Yan and Zhao were called many people who were filled with sad songs", and later generations changed it to "generous sad songs" to summarize the characteristics of Yan and Zhao culture. Handan, why "impassioned Elegy"? The answer may be in a few idioms. Why can we strengthen the army and enrich the country by wearing clothes When it comes to "Hufu riding and shooting", we will involuntarily associate it with bold innovation and forge ahead. This is a reform movement that took place in Handan, the capital of Zhao more than 2300 years ago. In the 19th year of his succession (307 BC), King Zhao Wuling, 34, issued the decree of "Hufu riding and shooting" to the whole country, and the long brewing reform movement came to the stage in Handan. The so-called "Hufu" means changing to the clothes of the Hu people (i.e. the northern nomads), wearing short clothes with narrow sleeves on the upper body, trousers on the lower body, belt around the waist and boots. It is characterized by simplicity and convenience. Clothing also affects the mode of operation. The Hu people are mainly cavalry, good at riding and shooting, flexible and flexible, especially suitable for long-distance raids and operations in complex terrain. "Hufu riding and shooting" also let the people of Zhao learn the skills of Hu riding and shooting, so as to establish a flexible cavalry force and achieve the goal of strengthening the army first and then enriching the country. Any reform in history will not be smooth sailing, especially those that touch people's living habits. The resistance first comes from childe Cheng, who is the pro uncle and old aristocrat of King Wuling of Zhao, and has a great influence in the field of Zhao. Gongzicheng believes that our Central Plains has a long history and clear politics. It is a state of etiquette and has always been an example for the surrounding nomads. Now they abandon the tradition and wear the clothes of the Hu people, which is obviously the "religion of changing the ancients and the way of changing the ancients", which is against the people's hearts. Seeing his uncle's attitude, Zhao Wuling and Wang knew that they had to do ideological work for him in person. So he came to childe Cheng's home in person and had a face-to-face debate and heart to heart with Childe Cheng. Finally, Prince Cheng was moved by the vision and determination of King Zhao Wuling and expressed his support for the reform. The next day, he put on his beard and went to the morning. As soon as other ministers saw that childe Chengdu had done so, they also expressed their approval one after another. The decree of "Hufu riding and shooting" was successfully promulgated and implemented, and the reform has also achieved remarkable results. First of all, a strong cavalry force was established, which greatly improved the combat effectiveness of the army of Zhao; Secondly, it ensured the security of the border of the state of Zhao. The cavalry of the state of Zhao attacked many times to defeat Donghu and Loufan, forcing king Lin Hu to offer horses and destroy Zhongshan; Thirdly, the state of Zhao became a vassal state with strong military power and the only country that could compete with the strong Qin Dynasty in the late Warring States period. "Hufu, riding and shooting" also had a strong impact on the culture of Handan, which is reflected in two aspects: on the one hand, the lifestyle of northern nomadic culture began to affect Handan. Handan people not only wear Hufu, but also the food and entertainment culture such as Hu food, Hu dance and Hu music gradually affected the culture of Handan; On the other hand, Hu Fu's riding and shooting made Handan men learn to ride and shoot arrows from childhood, and gradually cultivated a cultural fashion of being fierce, martial, upright and chivalrous. Learning to walk in Handan, what "steps" do teenagers learn Today, Handan is the "capital of Chinese Idioms". According to incomplete statistics, there are more than 1500 idioms and allusions directly or indirectly produced in Handan in history, which can not be compared with any city in China. There is an idiom directly related to Handan - Handan learning to walk. Its modern meaning is to blindly imitate others. As a result, it can not learn other people's things, but lose its original things. But in fact, the original meaning of "learning to walk in Handan" is not so. "Learning to walk in Handan" comes from Zhuangzi · autumn water, "and" I only don't hear about Fu Shouling. I learned and did what I did in Handan and? I didn't get the national ability and lost it, so I went straight to my ears ". In this passage, there are two key questions: first, why should Shouling teenagers learn "walking" in Handan? 2、 What "steps" did he learn? After "Hufu riding and shooting", Handan obtained a peaceful and stable political environment. Because it was located in the throat of North-South transportation and agricultural and nomadic products trading in China, it soon became the economic center of northern China. Strong economic foundation and frequent commercial activities have promoted the prosperity of entertainment culture. According to historical records, a kind of atmosphere was formed in Handan in the late state of Zhao: young men like to meet and play games and carry out some game activities; Women learn to "play the piano, drum and harp, and wear shoes". Handan has become a city of song, dance and entertainment. The young man in Shouling of Yan state should have been attracted by the city before he came to Handan. What did he come to Handan to learn dance, including a dance called "shoe". This is a popular dance form in Handan at that time - dancers lift their heels and spin with their toes, which is very similar to modern ballet. After "Hufu, riding and shooting", a large number of "Sanhu" herdsmen moved to Handan city. They like singing and dancing, and "shoes" is similar to the nomadic "Huxuan dance" and "Huteng dance", which is a free and unrestrained dance form. Not only women in Handan like to jump "shoes", but also men. The "step" that Shouling teenager came to Handan to learn is this fashionable dance step. I was going to take it as a means of making a living after he learned it, but because the "shoe" dance step was highly skilled and difficult, and he didn't work hard enough, he gave up halfway. He not only didn't master the new dance skills, but also lost his original dance foundation. This is the origin of the allusion of "learning to walk in Handan". Lian Po and Lin Xiangru are "idiom making machines" Modern people often use the allusion of "bearing a thorn and asking for a crime" to mean that they take the initiative to apologize to each other and ask each other for punishment. In retrospect, this story also took place in Handan and is related to two famous figures in the state of Zhao - Lian Po and Lin Xiangru. Their story is well known, so I won't repeat it here. "Hufu riding and shooting" has greatly improved the military strength of the state of Zhao and cultivated a large number of famous generals, of which Lianpo is one. Lin Xiangru was appointed Shangqing by the king of Zhao after "returning to Zhao completely", and his position was still above Lianpo. This made honest and upright Lianpo angry and once found fault. But in the end, Lin Xiangru's magnanimity made Lian Po realize his good intentions. Therefore, Lian Po "apologized to Lin Xiangru" and the two became "friends who cut their necks" all their lives. The generals of the state of Zhao lived in harmony and obtained a stable political and military environment. Handan maintained the prosperity and development of economy and culture for a period of time. Until 222 BC, the state of Qin sent General Wang Jian to besiege Handan. The state of Zhao was unable to resist, Handan city was broken, Zhao wangqian was captured, and Zhao was destroyed. Today, "Hufu riding and shooting" has become a symbol of reform, innovation, openness and inclusiveness. It is not only Handan, but also the precious spiritual wealth of the whole Chinese nation. The popular allusions such as "learning to walk in Handan", "returning to Zhao after completion", "pleading guilty to Jingjing" and "a friend who cut his neck" also make Handan a charming and legendary city. (outlook new era)