Efforts will be made to improve supporting measures and incentive measures, enable grass-roots medical institutions to issue reasonable long-term prescriptions, and provide guarantees in terms of quality and pharmaceutical management, so as to ensure the safety and effectiveness of long-term prescriptions. Long term prescription refers to the prescription issued by qualified doctors to appropriately increase the dosage of eligible patients with chronic diseases according to regulations. In recent years, under the social background of disease spectrum transformation and population aging, the population of chronic diseases in China is expanding, and the demand for long-term prescriptions is increasing day by day. Chronic diseases are also called chronic non communicable diseases. The report on nutrition and chronic diseases of Chinese residents released by the national health and Health Committee (2020) shows that compared with 2015, the incidence rate of hypertension, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and cancer incidence in China has increased. Chronic diseases such as hypertension, diabetes, cerebrovascular disease, coronary heart disease, chronic lung disease, chronic renal insufficiency and so on will affect all organs and functions of the body and damage their health with the development of disease. Patients with chronic diseases need long-term treatment to improve their quality of life. Under the control of treatment means such as regular inspection and taking medicine on time, patients with chronic diseases in stable stage only need to return to the clinic regularly and prescribe medicine. According to the prescription management measures published in 2007, the prescription shall not exceed 7 days; For some chronic diseases, senile diseases or special cases, the prescription dosage can be extended appropriately, but the doctor shall indicate the reasons. In 2015, the general office of the State Council issued the guiding opinions on promoting the construction of hierarchical diagnosis and treatment system, and in 2018, the National Health Commission and the State Administration of traditional Chinese medicine jointly issued the opinions on accelerating the high-quality development of pharmaceutical care, making it clear that long-term prescriptions can be issued for patients with chronic diseases. In practice, some places have also formulated and issued policies to provide long-term prescription management for chronic diseases, which are welcomed by patients. In August this year, the general office of the National Health Commission and the office of the national medical insurance bureau published the notice on printing and distributing long-term prescription management norms (for Trial Implementation), proposing to implement long-term prescription policies for eligible patients with chronic diseases. According to the documents, patients can drive to chronic disease medication in grass-roots medical and health institutions; The prescription quantity of long-term prescription is generally within 4 weeks, and the longest is no more than 12 weeks. Experience shows that long-term prescription is generally applicable to patients with chronic diseases with clear clinical diagnosis, stable medication regimen, good compliance, stable disease control and long-term drug treatment. According to the regulations, in the future, long-term prescriptions can be issued in grass-roots medical and health institutions. If they are not suitable for grass-roots diagnosis and treatment, they shall be issued by medical institutions at or above the second level. In principle, the first long-term prescriptions shall be issued by doctors with intermediate or above professional titles in medical institutions at or above the second level; In terms of the scope of drugs, it is relaxed to the general commonly used drugs for the treatment of chronic diseases. At the same time, the medical insurance will be reimbursed according to the policy, and the quantity and amount of a single prescription will not be limited; Primary medical institutions can also share and transfer long-term prescriptions with superior hospitals. Previously, a large number of chronic patients went to large hospitals to see doctors regularly, prescribe prescriptions and buy drugs, and the frequency of treatment was high, which was one of the factors causing overcrowding in large hospitals. At the same time, patients also spend more, which is not as high as the reimbursement proportion of seeing a doctor in grass-roots medical institutions. Decentralizing the long-term prescription right to the grass-roots level will help to realize hierarchical diagnosis and treatment, improve drug accessibility, and reduce the burden on patients. Facing the future, we should also strive to improve supporting measures and incentive measures, let grass-roots medical institutions issue reasonable long-term prescriptions, and provide guarantee in terms of quality and pharmaceutical management, so as to ensure the safety and effectiveness of long-term prescriptions. In recent years, many places have established urban medical consortia and county medical communities, and implemented the signing service of grass-roots family doctors, which helps to strengthen the guidance of grass-roots medical institutions in the consortium, control the quality of long-term prescriptions and follow-up management of long-term prescription patients. For example, thanks to the construction of a close medical consortium and medical community, Sanming City, Fujian Province and Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province explored the establishment of a package payment, balance retention and reasonable overspending sharing mechanism, made efficient use of medical insurance funds and basic public health service funds, encouraged grass-roots medical institutions to strengthen the management of chronic patients and improve service quality, so as to ensure the safety and effectiveness of long-term prescriptions. Relevant experience is worthy of reference. Small prescriptions are related to the general health of the whole people. Safe and effective long-term prescriptions ensure the health of patients and protect the happy life of the masses. Only by establishing and improving the security mechanism and making long-term prescriptions for snobbery can we better benefit the people and help build a healthy China. (outlook new era)