Recently, the CPC Central Committee and the State Council issued and officially announced the opinions on completely, accurately and comprehensively implementing the new development concept and doing a good job in carbon neutralization of carbon peak, which is the top-level design of carbon neutralization of China's carbon peak and puts forward specific objectives and measures. Carbon peak and carbon neutralization have once again become the focus of heated discussion from all walks of life. He Kebin, academician of the Chinese Academy of engineering, President of the Institute of carbon neutralization of Tsinghua University and professor of the school of environment of Tsinghua University, said in he Kebin: what changes will China bring about by realizing carbon neutralization? Realizing carbon peak and carbon neutralization is an extensive and profound economic and social systematic change, involving concept remodeling, value revaluation Industrial restructuring and a wide range of socio-economic and life impacts, so what are the difficulties facing China to achieve carbon neutralization? What is the basic path to carbon neutrality in the future? In this paper, academician he Kebin answers these hot issues in detail. China proposes that carbon dioxide emissions will reach the peak by 2030 and strive to achieve carbon neutralization by 2060. To achieve this goal, the task is very arduous and can not be achieved easily. Considering the current national conditions, we are faced with the following difficulties. First, China's high-carbon energy structure. In the energy structure of major countries in 2019, fossil energy accounted for 50% - 85%, about 85% in China, but coal accounted for only 3% - 17% in European and American countries, but 57% in China; Second, China's high-carbon industrial structure. In the division of labor in the global industrial chain, cement, steel and petrochemical industries with high energy consumption still account for a relatively high proportion in our whole industry. Relatively speaking, the low-carbon transformation of these industries is very difficult; Third, China is still the largest developing country in the world. It is still in the stage of medium and high-speed development, and industrialization and urbanization are still advancing. In this process, carbon reduction is not easy to achieve. So how can we gradually complete such an arduous task? (now more and more studies are deducing and predicting the path of emission reduction, and the difficulties can be overcome through "five carbon simultaneous development".) First, resource efficiency and carbon reduction. If we take various measures to achieve the same economic goals, but minimize energy demand, more than 100 million tons of carbon dioxide can be reduced for every 1% reduction in energy consumption under the current consumption level; Second, reduce carbon in the energy structure and significantly increase the proportion of non fossil energy. We should re understand China's energy resource endowment. Only talking about "rich coal", "lack of oil" and "less gas" can not fully and accurately express China's energy resource endowment. Rich renewable energy resources are an important part of China's energy resource endowment. Third, carbon storage in geological space, through carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUs Technology) to solve part of carbon dioxide. Fourth, ecosystem carbon sequestration, through various ecological construction means, enhance the carbon sink capacity of the ecosystem. Fifth, the market mechanism can also play an important role in carbon financing. The carbon market will promote the more rational and effective application of various technologies through the market mechanism. "Five carbon simultaneously" is the basic path to realize carbon neutralization in the future. (Xinhua News Agency)