Do you believe that leg lifting, quilt shaking, bus bumping, and even walking can lead to fractures? Pang Mao, chief orthopaedic physician of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat sen University, said that these conditions are not uncommon in the elderly with severe osteoporosis. Don't let these thieves steal your calcium Pang Mao introduced that the elderly are prone to osteoporosis, mainly because the level of sex hormones in the body is reduced, especially the effect of estrogen on bones is more obvious, so elderly women are more prone to disease. And the reduction of calcium intake, vitamin D deficiency and physical exercise are related to bad eating habits. "Thief on the table": Pang Mao introduced that high salt diet and pickled foods, such as pickled mustard, preserved food and canned food, can aggravate the loss of calcium in bones. We should eat less of these foods as far as possible, and avoid smoking, drinking too much, excessive intake of caffeine and high phosphorus drinks. Eat protein and calcium rich foods, vegetables and fruits, such as milk, fish and bean products; Mainly orange, orange, pomelo, kiwi and other fruits rich in vitamin C; "Lazy thief": many elderly people with osteoporosis have all kinds of pain problems. The more pain, the less they want to move. As everyone knows, sedentary can accelerate bone loss. Proper exercise can promote calcium absorption and reduce bone loss; In addition, exercise can promote the secretion of sex hormone, so as to promote the growth and development of bone; Exercise can increase cortical blood flow and promote bone formation. It can improve bone mineral density by improving muscle strength. It also helps to enhance the body's reactivity, improve balance function and reduce the risk of falls. The general principle of exercise is "vary from person to person, act according to your ability, step by step and persevere". The exercise selected by middle-aged and elderly patients is generally aerobic exercise, such as walking, jogging, cycling, Taijiquan, mountain climbing, etc. Do not exercise too much to prevent muscle, ligament and joint damage. "Hidden thief": some old people regard ultraviolet rays as their enemies. They are afraid of being tanned or spotted. They don't like to go out. Even if they go out, they cover themselves up. In fact, the Chinese diet contains very limited vitamin D. a large amount of vitamin D depends on the synthesis of skin after receiving sunlight and ultraviolet radiation. Regular exposure to sunlight plays a key role in the production of vitamin D and calcium absorption. Encourage more outdoor activities and increase the time of exposure to sunshine. Normal people have at least 20 minutes of sunshine every day. Under what circumstances should bone mineral density be measured? Osteoporosis generally has no obvious symptoms in the early stage, and the symptoms in the later stage are not typical. However, when there are persistent soreness, dull pain and fatigue in multiple parts of the body (such as waist, back, shoulder, etc.), or it is found that the height becomes shorter and the back bends gradually, it is necessary to see a doctor as soon as possible. Pang Mao said that at present, the commonly used method to judge osteoporosis is bone mineral density measurement. Most hospitals use dual energy X-ray bone densitometer to measure the bone mass of lumbar spine, hip joint and whole body. The measurement method is safe, the scanning time is short and the radiation is very small. Moreover, the absorbed X-ray dose during measurement is less than that of taking an X-ray chest film, which is simple and painless. The examination results can be obtained at that time. When the T value of bone mineral density is greater than - 1, it is normal; T value between - 1 and - 2.5 is bone mass reduction (low bone mass); If the T value is less than - 2.5, it is osteoporosis. Calcium tablets are not the only treatment for osteoporosis Pang Mao suggested that we should find out the causes from all aspects and remedy and treat them in time. For postmenopausal women and men over 60, if bone mineral density is found to be low, nutrition and exercise should be strengthened. If you are found to have osteoporosis, you should receive treatment as soon as possible to prevent aggravation and fracture. There are three main categories of therapeutic drugs: drugs that inhibit bone resorption (such as estrogen, calcitonin, bisphosphate, etc.); Drugs that promote bone formation (such as androgen, parathyroid hormone, etc.); Drugs to promote bone calcification (such as various calcium agents, vitamin D preparations, etc.). Specific drug treatment also requires detailed outpatient treatment, regular review and individualized treatment.