On the eve of World Occupational Safety and Health Day on April 28th, the International Labour Organization released a report titled "Thoroughly Changing Health and Safety: The Role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Digitization in the Workplace," which elaborates on how emerging technologies such as AI, digitization, and robotics are reshaping workplace safety and health worldwide, while emphasizing the need for proactive policies to address new risks. Manal Azi, head of the Occupational Safety and Health Policy Team at the International Labour Organization, stated in a statement released on the 23rd that digitization provides enormous opportunities to enhance workplace safety. Robots can replace workers in dangerous "3D jobs" (i.e. dirty, dangerous, and undignified work); Automation can reduce repetitive tasks such as factory production lines or administrative work, enabling employees to take on more challenging tasks. However, in order to fully benefit from these technologies, it is necessary to ensure that no new risks are generated when applying them. The report points out that advanced robotics and automation technologies, virtual reality and augmented reality technologies, smart wearable devices, and the use of new technologies and tools such as environmental sensors are preventing accidents and reducing harmful exposures, thereby changing safety and health conditions. In addition, digitalization has led to the rise of various remote work modes, bringing flexibility to work methods and improving the mental health of workers. However, these advancements may also bring new risks. For example, while robots effectively undertake dangerous tasks, workers who maintain, repair, or collaborate with these machines may face new dangers. Unpredictable robot behavior, system failures, or network threats can all pose a threat to safety. Ergonomic risks may arise from human-machine interaction or from inadequate fit, usability, or comfort of wearable devices and exoskeleton systems. Research suggests that excessive reliance on AI and automation may weaken human supervision, thereby increasing occupational safety and health risks, while the workload determined by algorithms and continuous online presence may lead to stress, fatigue, and mental health issues. The report also reveals the safety and health risks faced by practitioners in the entire digital supply chain, including various types of workers involved in raw material mining or extraction, providing computing power support for AI, and handling electronic waste. The report points out that there are regulatory gaps in the management of digital related occupational safety and health risks, and calls for the development of stronger global, regional, and national policies. The report also emphasizes that the International Labour Organization's conventions on occupational safety and health lay the foundation for safeguarding the right to a safe and healthy working environment in the digital age. (New Society)