On April 19th, the world's first humanoid robot half marathon was held in Beijing. On the 21.0975 kilometer track, for the first time, a "man-machine co run" was held, with 20 robot teams from universities, research institutions, and enterprises participating. Among them were the 1.8-meter tall and large stride "Tiangong", the 82 centimeter tall and compact "Xiaohai", and the 6-hour endurance "Voyager 2". Liang Liang, Deputy Director of the Beijing Economic Development Zone Management Committee, stated that in the past, humanoid robots were mostly tested in closed environments such as laboratories. However, this marathon is a systematic test of the comprehensive adaptability of humanoid robots to different scenarios. Through this' extreme test ', people are concerned about how robots can achieve a technological leap from short distance walking to marathon racing. At the previous Spring Festival Gala of the Year of the Snake, more than 10 Yushu robots dressed in cotton padded jackets stepped onto the stage and danced yangko and handkerchief with real dancers, attracting widespread attention. People exclaimed that humanoid robots have come into the lives of ordinary people. Investment in humanoid robots is heating up. More than 10 local governments, including Beijing, Shanghai, and Shenzhen, have established industrial funds with a scale of over 100 million yuan. The number of enterprises engaged in embodied intelligence is increasing, and the financing scale is constantly improving. Building a machine that resembles humans has been a long-standing aspiration of humanity. From the record of Yanshi creating "dolls" in the ancient book "Liezi · Tangwen" to the simple combination of "humanoid" shells and mechanical devices in the early 20th century, from various robots in Chinese and foreign science fiction works to the birth of the world's first humanoid robot WABOT-1 at Waseda University in Japan in 1973, people's exploration of humanoid robots has never stopped. Over the past half century, this industry has experienced ups and downs in development, with countries around the world launching various humanoid robots, but overall development has been slow. Why has the development of humanoid robots suddenly accelerated nowadays? （1） Robots frequently catch the eye. "Every few steps you take, you will encounter a humanoid robot." At the end of March, several guests attending the Zhongguancun Forum annual meeting said, "I feel like I'm in a sci-fi movie scene" and "entering the future society ahead of time. Nearly a hundred humanoid robots from more than 10 companies join hands in the "On the Job" forum, actively participating in welcoming, communication, hosting, performance and other scenes: The "Kuafu" who performed Tai Chi at the opening ceremony, standing 1.7 meters tall and weighing 55 kilograms, was created by combining the "humanoid body" of Leju Tongyan and Leju (Shenzhen) Robot Technology Co., Ltd. with the "intelligent brain" of Beijing General Artificial Intelligence Research Institute. It is also a welcome robot that answers questions, provides explanations and guidance services for the public, and can also guide people when they ask for directions. The "Tsinghua Fire God Team" T1 robot, which won the championship at this year's Robot Soccer World Cup Germany Open, is responsible for four tasks: performing group push ups and one second standing up and other difficult movements at the opening ceremony, performing football matches and stunts in the exhibition hall, serving as a welcome guide, and hosting sub forums. In the past two months since the Spring Festival, popular videos of humanoid robots have appeared on social media every few days, showcasing skills such as front flip, back flip, and cycling, refreshing people's understanding of embodied intelligence through high difficulty movements and anthropomorphic interactions. Embodied intelligence is a new term that has entered the public eye in recent years. It emphasizes the close integration of intelligent systems with the body, achieving intelligent behavior through the interaction between the body and the environment. The concept that distinguishes it is intelligence without a physical body, such as chatbots that rely entirely on computation and data processing to achieve intelligent behavior. Humanoid robots are one of the typical application forms of embodied intelligence. At this year's National People's Congress and Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, the government work report clearly stated the establishment of a mechanism for future industrial investment growth and the cultivation of future industries, including embodied intelligence. Some factories, universities, research institutions, artificial intelligence companies, etc. are taking the lead in using humanoid robots. Since the beginning of this year, Ubiquitous and Leju from Shenzhen have announced that their robots have entered automotive factories for practical training. In a recent video released by Youbixuan, people saw two 1.72-meter-tall robots, Walker S1, standing face to face at the Extreme Krypton automobile factory. They both nodded at each other and then opened their arms to collaboratively transport a material box that was 1.2 meters long, 50 centimeters wide, and 40 centimeters high. Next to it, there are robots using their "dexterous hands" to put parts into the box. Leng Xiaokun, founder of Leju Company, said that the company's robot "Kuafu" has been practicing two tasks in multiple automobile factories - transporting boxes and sorting spare parts. The work efficiency of robots is about 70% of that of skilled workers Leng Xiaokun said that robots are not yet capable of handling complex tasks such as precision screwing, which are undertaken by advanced technicians. Instead, they perform heavy, generalized, and highly repetitive tasks, such as transporting boxes of different sizes, colors, weights, and sizes, sorting spare parts of different shapes, and so on. Last year, we conducted research at the car factory and found that automation equipment has taken on more than 80% of the work, but in the 'last mile', such as the last production line in the assembly workshop, it still relies on human labor, and existing equipment such as robotic arms and wheeled robots cannot complete it. Therefore, humanoid robots are a suitable solution Cold Xiaokun said. In March, Dongfeng Liuzhou Motor announced the procurement and deployment of 20 Ubiquitous humanoid robots, with plans to complete delivery in the first half of the year. This will be the first time that humanoid robots have entered a car factory in bulk. Industrial manufacturing is what we value the most, as it can effectively help customers solve practical problems Founder Zhou Jian of Ubiquitous stated that this year's goal is to produce about 1000 humanoid robots, enter real scenes to collect more data, and prepare for the next step of greater development. Recently, Ubiquitous also partnered with the Beijing Humanoid Robot Innovation Center to release a full-size scientific research grade humanoid robot called "Tiangongxing" priced below 300000 yuan. Yushu Technology, which has not yet planned to introduce robots into factories, has recently launched new products on domestic and foreign e-commerce platforms such as JD.com and AliExpress. There are two types of Yushu products: quadruped robot dogs are mainly aimed at C-end consumers, and humanoid robots are mainly aimed at developers. Yushu products continue to be popular in overseas sales. Not long ago, at the Mobile World Congress in Spain and the NVIDIA Developer Conference in the United States, Yushu Technology's robot sales banner attracted attention. Huang Jiawei, Marketing Director of Yushu, stated that last year Yushu's humanoid robots were sold to over 100 countries and regions, with core users including universities, research institutes, and technology AI companies. Users are conducting secondary development on Yushu hardware. Nearly 30 universities in China have purchased Yushu humanoid robots for teaching and research purposes. Zeng Lingdong, a teacher at the Engineering Technology Training Center of Shanghai University, said that they are developing robots in three aspects, including achieving walking, running, and jumping in complex environments, training robots to perceive the environment and perform positioning and navigation, and improving robots' autonomous decision-making and cognitive intelligence. In addition to entering factories, universities, and research fields, humanoid robots are also entering special industries. For example, the electric special humanoid robot developed by Guangdong Power Grid Company of Southern Power Grid can withstand extreme cold temperatures of minus 40 ℃ and high temperatures of 80 ℃, and has been put into use to accurately locate fault points in deep mountains and forests. The industrial layout around humanoid robots is accelerating in many parts of the country. It is reported that more than 10 local governments, including Beijing, Shanghai, Shenzhen, Chongqing, etc., have established and are preparing to establish industry funds, with a focus on investing in areas such as robot bodies, industrial chain components, and innovative applications in the industrial chain. More than 10 companies in Beijing and Shenzhen have released humanoid robot products, and companies in Shanghai, Hangzhou, Guangzhou and other places are also competing to release them. In the investment industry, robot companies are becoming increasingly popular. According to IT Orange Data, a venture capital and emerging technology industry data service provider, more than 50 companies in the embodied intelligence track received over 6 billion yuan in financing in the first three months of this year. （2） Why does acceleration occur? In 1973, Waseda University in Japan launched the world's first full-size humanoid robot, WABOT-1, which was wrapped in wires and took 45 seconds to walk each step. It could only walk 10 centimeters at a time and was bulky and slow. At the beginning of this century, Honda released a humanoid robot called ASIMO that resembled a space astronaut, capable of climbing stairs and understanding voice commands. The humanoid robot Atlas, released by Boston Dynamics in 2013, can walk briskly on a treadmill, jump, spin, roll, etc. It is designed for disaster sites with the goal of replacing humans in dangerous areas such as chemical leaks and building collapses to complete tasks such as opening and closing valves and handling. Despite significant technological advancements, Honda announced in 2018 that it would cease development of the ASIMO robot. Although the Atlas robot from Boston Dynamics has received high praise for its motion control and other capabilities, its practical application is limited by its high price and difficult maintenance, and Boston Dynamics has been resold multiple times. Afterwards, the humanoid robot industry fell into silence for a period of time. Until recent years, the development of humanoid robots has suddenly accelerated. Why? For a long time, robot development has been based on programming. In 2022, AI models will be introduced that can simulate the human brain and have the ability to generalize and transfer, promoting the development of humanoid robots as a new species Wang Tianmiao, Honorary Director of the Institute of Robotics at Beihang University, explained. In the 1990s, he developed the first generation of medical robots. Xiong Rong, Director of Zhejiang Humanoid Robot Innovation Center and Professor at Zhejiang University, stated that the traditional paradigm of robot research relies on mathematical modeling of human motion texture and seeks optimal solutions to achieve functionality. This approach highly relies on the experience of human experts and has limitations in generalization ability, making it difficult to achieve intelligence that can generalize from one example to another. In the past, when we applied artificial intelligence technology, we mainly focused on the development of perceptual functions, such as voice interaction and visual recognition, which allowed robots to only perform specific tasks programmed in advance Xiong Rong pointed out, "With the development of new generation artificial intelligence technology, we can now enable robots to master more implicit knowledge through large-scale data collection and neural network training, which opens up new paths for research. Empowering robots with artificial intelligence is also a consensus in the industry. In the view of Zhang Jin, President of Shenyang Xinsong Robot Automation Co., Ltd., the biggest driving force for humanoid robots in recent times is the new generation of artificial intelligence. He entered the Shenyang Institute of Automation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in the early 1990s, focusing on robot research and development, and the enterprise took the lead in listing in the industry. Zhang Jin said that their company has also attempted to develop humanoid robots. Walking and body movements are not technical difficulties, but the biggest problem is that the humanoid robots they produce do not have a "brain". In layman's terms, the expert viewpoint is that previous humanoid robots were like "puppets", relying on "pre programmed" or single function AI, with limited application scenarios. However, the emergence of large models has accelerated the growth of robots' intelligence, allowing them to truly understand the environment, make autonomous decisions and interact, and open up a wide range of applications. Several interviewed experts mentioned an event that happened in 2022: Tesla officially released the humanoid robot Optimus (Optimus Prime). Musk showed a video of Optimus Prime moving boxes and grabbing metal bars at a car factory, and stated that mass production can be reduced to a cost of between $20000 and $30000. After receiving instructions, Optimus Prime does not execute them according to traditional programming, nor does it have a fixed motion trajectory. It can understand instructions, make autonomous decisions, and decompose them into multiple actions, which elevates the application of robots to a high level