The development of surgical procedures has gone through open surgery, minimally invasive surgery, and entered today's era of robotic surgery, gradually moving towards precision, safety, and intelligence. The field of digital healthcare, especially surgical robots, is undergoing unprecedented changes, not only improving the accuracy and safety of surgical procedures, reshaping the future of surgery, but also redefining the accessibility and efficiency of medical services through the combination of remote operation and artificial intelligence. While digital healthcare is embracing new development opportunities, it also needs to address challenges such as high equipment costs, talent shortages, technological ethics, and safety. Since its first use in the late 1980s, surgical robots that reshape the future of surgery have made significant progress in multiple medical fields. Taking the Da Vinci surgical system as an example, this system has successfully completed over 10 million surgeries, covering multiple fields such as urology, cardiac surgery, and gynecology. Surgical robots have high-precision robotic arms and 3D high-definition vision systems, enabling surgeons to achieve higher flexibility and control in minimally invasive surgeries. Yang Jian, a specially appointed professor and doctoral supervisor at Beijing Institute of Technology, and vice chairman of the Medical Simulation Committee of the Chinese Society for Simulation, stated that surgical robots are effective auxiliary tools for clinical treatment, capable of assisting doctors in performing precise and complex surgical operations. Surgical robots are generally divided into two categories: operation type and positioning type. The da Vinci surgical robot belongs to the operation type robot. Positioning type surgical robots have also experienced rapid development in recent years, and currently the most widely used orthopedic surgical robots, percutaneous puncture robots, etc. belong to positioning type robots. With the development of technology, the capabilities of surgical robots have been further enhanced. Research has shown that modern surgical robots can analyze real-time data during the surgical process, helping surgeons make more accurate decisions. For example, through deep learning models, robots can recognize anatomical structures and provide real-time feedback, thereby reducing surgical risks and improving success rates. Fan Yu, Deputy Director of the Clinical Drug Trial Institution at Peking University First Hospital, told Half Moon Talk reporters that modern robotic surgery has overcome the physiological bottleneck of surgeons' "eye confusion and hand tremors" thanks to the multi-dimensional robotic arm of robots and the 3D magnified stereoscopic field of view, providing an excellent solution for fine operations in small spaces. In addition, the modular design of modern surgical robots greatly reduces the level of operator fatigue. In addition, the rise of remote surgery has enabled surgeons to perform surgeries on a global scale. With the help of 5G/6G high-speed networks, surgeons can control robots to perform complex operations thousands of kilometers away, making this technology particularly suitable for the treatment of patients in remote areas. This progress not only enhances the accessibility of medical services, but also provides new possibilities for optimizing the allocation of global medical resources. AI also plays an important role in medical education and training. The new generation simulator combines AR and VR technology, allowing surgeons to train and improve their operational skills in a virtual environment. Fan Yu stated that traditional open surgical procedures have a limited field of vision between the surgeon and the assistant, which has very limited significance for surgical teaching. Many surgical steps can only be viewed on a chart, and there is still a certain gap from surgical practice. Laparoscopic technology greatly solves the problem of visual field, and the guidance for surgical operations is not only minimally invasive, but also open in terms of education and training. In the era of robots, the setting of virtual environments has further enhanced surgical education and training, and many surgical education and training can be conducted in virtual scenes, greatly reducing learning time. Accelerating the catch-up with the world's leading level, the United States dominates the surgical robot market, and American companies continuously develop new surgical robot systems to meet market demand. Yang Jian said that the development experience of foreign countries has provided us with good reference, which is conducive to achieving a leapfrog development of domestic surgical robots. For example, the core components of positioning surgical robots were previously monopolized by a Canadian company. In recent years, domestic companies have broken through the bottleneck technology and achieved localization of positioning core components, with performance reaching and surpassing imported equipment. Europe has attempted a series of AR and even VR intraoperative navigation technologies to reduce surgical difficulty, increase surgical accuracy, and improve surgical completion rates. Many European hospitals actively participate in clinical trials of new robot technologies to promote technological progress. Fan Yu introduced that compared to Europe, our own surgical robot technology is constantly innovating independently while keeping up with international trends. From naked eye 3D technology to split type robotic arm architecture, domestic surgical robot systems are constantly trying new models that distinguish them from da Vinci surgical robot systems, and are constantly experimenting in China's massive medical market, ultimately forming China's independent surgical robot system. Government policy support and local enterprise innovation have driven the development of the market, with companies such as Shanghai MicroPort, Tianzhihang, and iResearch developing competitive digital medical products. In addition, China is actively exploring remote medical services to improve the convenience of medical treatment for patients in remote areas. Yang Jian stated that surgical robots are an important component of new quality productivity, and the government has introduced a series of policies to encourage the development and application of surgical robots. China has a large population and many patients, which provides a broad application prospect for the development of domestic surgical robots. In recent years, social capital has begun to pay attention to the surgical robot industry, with a large number of local surgical robot companies established and developing their own surgical robot products, changing the monopoly of imported equipment in China's surgical robot market. The new opportunities and challenges of future digital healthcare are expected to exceed $500 billion in the global digital healthcare market by 2025, with surgical robots becoming an important component. With the development of technologies such as AI, 5G/6G networks, and the Internet of Things, remote surgery, personalized medicine, and intelligent health management will become new trends. Yang Jian stated that as a university teacher, on the one hand, we need to strive to break through key technical and theoretical issues, and on the other hand, we need to promote the integration of industry, academia, research, and medicine. We need to combine our latest technology with clinical practice to truly achieve the widespread application of domestic surgical robots. To achieve these goals, some challenges need to be overcome, such as high equipment costs, shortage of professional talents, and low public acceptance of new technologies. Fan Yu frankly stated, "We still face many technological barriers and patent protection in some hardware and patent aspects." In Yang Jian's opinion, surgical robots involve multiple disciplines such as clinical medicine, biomechanics, mechanics, computer science, etc. Currently, there is a severe shortage of high-end talents in surgical robots in China, and we need to increase our training efforts in the future. Although AI has broad prospects for application in surgical robots, it also faces challenges such as data privacy, ethics, and security. Timely introduction of relevant policies and regulations at the national level can effectively reduce the risk of data privacy breaches. The problem of AI decision-making errors seems inevitable now. On the one hand, we are striving to develop technology to improve the predictive ability of AI models. On the other hand, in clinical applications, we use human doctors to check and confirm the predictions of AI models to avoid erroneous output results, which can greatly reduce the clinical diagnosis and treatment risks caused by AI decision-making errors Yang Jian said. Surgical robots only replace traditional human hands to perform surgical operations, but the executor of the surgery is still a doctor, not a pure robot. Fan Yu stated that we should not equate surgical robots and AI surgery with surgery being taken over by robots, completely free from human operation and supervision. At present, AI technology is more focused on providing a basis for human decision-making. Superb or highly challenging operations still require experienced, precise, and courageous practitioners to complete. (New Society)