Traditional humanistic literary criticism believes that literature is the study of humanity, emphasizing the theoretical interpretation of the humanistic spirit of literature and art, highlighting the aesthetic and humanistic attributes of literature and art, and downplaying the "materiality" of literature and art. Marxist literary criticism theory is based on the perspective of historical materialism, starting from the overall structure of social history, human practice, and ideology, and regards literature and art as aesthetic ideology. As an aesthetic form of ideology, literature and art have profound connotations of "materiality". The "humanity" and "materiality" of literature and art have achieved a dialectical integration of aesthetic materialism in aesthetic practice. To truly activate the material vitality and cultural value of literature as an aesthetic ideology in Marxist literary research, it is necessary to reflect on the discourse paradigms of humanistic criticism and formal aesthetic criticism, attach importance to the material structure and connotation of ideology, and reaffirm and construct the poetic dimension of "materiality" of the form of literary aesthetic consciousness. (New Society)