Is it possible to build a helium-3 refining plant on the moon? "" Can we use lunar craters to build a lunar version of FAST? "... At the 759th academic symposium of the Xiangshan Science Conference held on December 7-8, more than 100 scientific and technological experts, including 16 academicians, conducted a" brainstorming "around the construction of a lunar base for lively discussions. Currently, space powers and international organizations have released ambitious plans or long-term goals for the construction of lunar bases. How China will build a lunar base has attracted much attention. The Xiangshan Science Conference, hosted by Beijing Institute of Technology, focuses on the theme of "Moon based Global Space Environment Platform for Space Base Construction" and explores four central topics: moon based environmental exploration, in-situ construction, global transportation, and energy utilization. Experts and scholars attending the conference believe that China urgently needs to build a high-level lunar platform technology innovation system and accelerate the exploration of the Chinese plan for the construction of lunar bases. What does it look like to accelerate the "lane change overtaking" lunar base? This question, full of unknowns, inspires people's infinite imagination. Zhang Jun, academician of the CAE Member and secretary of the Party Committee of Beijing University of Technology, proposed the idea of carrying out the Moon Exploration Engineering and Technology ("MEET" for short). Zhang Jun proposed that the lunar scientific exploration project includes the construction of three major lunar based platforms: regional mobile scientific exploration stations, aimed at creating major scientific facilities for multi field new quality perception; The Wide Area Lunar Environment Station aims to establish a multidimensional environmental monitoring and forecasting system that covers the entire lunar area; The extralunar space monitoring station aims to achieve full-time target monitoring and early warning capabilities in lunar based space. Behind MEET is a reflection on building a technology innovation system for the monthly platform. Zhang Jun believes that the moon has great exploration value and is a rare resource rich area, a new territory for origin exploration, a frontier for deep space exploration, and a new highland for future technological competition. Compared to the United States, China's lunar exploration and manned lunar landing projects started relatively late, and there is still a certain gap. He suggested accelerating the construction of a monthly comprehensive "knowledge source operation construction" platform system. 'Knowledge' refers to lunar based environmental detection, 'source' refers to lunar based energy utilization, 'transportation' refers to lunar based global transportation, and 'construction' refers to in-situ lunar based construction. We need to constantly break through new cognitive limits, explore new frontiers in deep space, and achieve a 'lane change overtaking' in lunar development and utilization, "said Zhang Jun. After completing the three-step plan of "orbiting, landing, and returning", China is implementing the fourth phase of the lunar exploration project, with the goal of building a basic type of international lunar research station in the South Pole region of the moon. Wu Yanhua, Chief Designer of China's Major Deep Space Exploration Project, introduced that China plans to jointly build an international lunar research station with other countries. It is a comprehensive scientific experimental facility that operates autonomously on the surface and orbit of the moon for a long time, with short-term human participation, and is scalable and maintainable. The construction of the International Lunar Research Station will be implemented in two stages. The basic model will be completed around 2035, and a central station area with a radius of about 10 kilometers will be built in the South Pole of the Moon, with the ability to conduct scientific research operations within a range of 100 kilometers; Around 2045, we will improve and expand our capabilities by building a lunar orbital station and a lunar South Pole central station. This will enable us to conduct sustainable scientific research, resource development, and technological verification across the entire lunar surface, laying the foundation for deep space exploration missions such as manned landing on Mars. The International Lunar Research Station is expected to become an international major scientific project initiated by China Wu Yanhua said that one of the overall goals of the project is to build an international cooperation and exchange platform for global partners to participate and achieve win-win cooperation. We welcome partners from all countries to participate in the construction of the International Lunar Research Station at all stages and levels of the project, and carry out project cooperation. How to build a lunar base in the "no man's land" of technology? In the words of Deng Zongquan, an academician of the CAE Member and a professor of Harbin Institute of Technology, China's aerospace industry has entered a "no man's land". The construction of the moon base and its cost-effective operation are of great significance. The formulation of the project plan should be guided by scientific objectives. Several attending experts suggested that for such large-scale projects, a distributed combination approach can be adopted to organize and implement them, in order to improve efficiency and accelerate progress. The recently launched Tianzhou-8 cargo spacecraft, "Moon Soil Brick," provides a material solution for lunar construction. This special "moon soil brick" was developed by Ding Lieyun, an academician of the CAE Member and professor of Huazhong University of Science and Technology. The team analyzed the composition of lunar soil samples from Chang'e-5 and simulated their preparation before sintering them into "lunar soil bricks". Ding Lieyun introduced that the purpose of sending "lunar soil bricks" to the space station for extravehicular exposure experiments is to accumulate scientific research data for future lunar construction. The Chang'e-8 mission, which will be launched around 2028, is the lead mission of the International Lunar Research Station. It will jointly build the basic model of the International Lunar Research Station with Chang'e-7, which is planned to be launched around 2026. Wang Qiong, a researcher at the Lunar Exploration and Space Engineering Center of the National Space Administration and deputy chief designer of Chang'e-8, introduced that the Chang'e-8 mission will test the use of 3D printing technology to make "lunar soil bricks" and carry a new modular operation robot to carry out tasks such as load deployment, lunar soil addition, and "lunar soil brick" splicing. In the construction of lunar bases, digital technology may play an important role. Liu Jianzhong, a researcher of the Institute of Geochemistry of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, introduced that the Institute of Geochemistry of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Alibaba Cloud jointly released the world's first multi-modal professional model of lunar science a few days ago, which realized the professional question and answer of lunar science questions and was able to complete tasks such as geological structure age discrimination. He suggested that in the future, further construction of intelligent planets should be carried out to provide a ground operating environment and infrastructure for simulation experiments for deep space exploration missions, thereby reducing project implementation risks and improving project implementation efficiency. How to use a lunar base in the new stage of development? Experts attending the meeting generally believe that the construction and use of lunar bases in China should undergo several major changes, shifting from catching up with technology to serving major scientific discoveries and resource development, and achieving synchronous development of scientific and technological applications; To shift from completing individual task objectives to conducting long-term resident detection and achieving systematic planning of target tasks; We need to shift from top-down government leadership to government led, traditional aerospace research "national teams" and commercial aerospace enterprises working together. Looking forward to the achievable scientific mission goals of the lunar base, Wang Chi, an academician of the CAS Member and director of the National Space Science Center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, said that the moon is an ideal place to solve the ultimate problem of the origin of the universe. If a low-frequency radio array or radio telescope is established on the far side of the moon, it will greatly promote human understanding of the origin of the universe. Ji Jianghui, a researcher at the Zijinshan Observatory of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, proposed the idea of building an observatory based on lunar lava. He introduced that as a geological structure widely distributed on the surface of the moon, the temperature inside lava tubes is relatively stable and may be rich in water ice. Lava tubes, as natural barriers, can isolate cosmic rays, lunar dust, and ejecta. Moreover, constructing them inside the tubes can greatly reduce the use of building materials, making them an ideal location for building observatories on the moon. In the future, scientific missions such as exploring habitable exoplanets and searching for signals of extraterrestrial life can also be carried out on the moon. Developing and utilizing lunar resources to help solve sustainable development issues for humanity has become a consensus among the attending experts. Yao Wei, a researcher at Qian Xuesen Space Technology Laboratory of China Academy of Space Technology, gave an example that the comprehensive utilization of lunar resources involves the conversion and utilization of lunar soil volatiles and metallurgical conversion and utilization. "Lunar soil volatiles contain resources such as water, oxygen, hydrogen, etc., which can all be utilized. Building and utilizing a lunar base is a massive systematic project that requires the coordination and coordination of various forces with a unified national mindset. He Yaling, an academician of the CAS Member and professor of Xi'an Jiaotong University, said that the moon based energy acquisition, transformation, transmission and storage put forward new topics and requirements for energy research. Researchers in the field of energy should stand at the height of the national deep space exploration project and refine relevant research. Experts attending the meeting generally believe that it is necessary to further break down institutional barriers, systematically layout in the layout of first-class disciplines, the cultivation of high-end talents, the construction of national platforms, the establishment of major scientific research projects, the cultivation of cutting-edge technologies, the research and development of major scientific instruments and equipment, and the construction of major infrastructure, in order to seize the opportunity of space base construction. (New Society)