Recently, the satellite science team of "Macao Science-1" (hereinafter referred to as "Macao Science-1") released China's first WM (Macao World Magnetic Field Model) real-time four-dimensional Earth magnetic field series model version 1.0. This is a significant progress in the scientific research and application of the 'Aoke-1' satellite project, which will play an important role in earth science research and geomagnetic navigation applications, "said Zhang Keke, a lecture professor at the Macau University of Science and Technology, chief scientist of the 'Aoke-1' satellite, and chief designer of the 'Aoke-1' satellite science and application system. The reporter interviewed Zhang Keke about this. Zhang Keke introduced that this real-time Earth magnetic field model fully utilizes high-precision Earth magnetic field data from satellites such as the "Aoke-1" satellite. It is China's first independently controllable real-time Earth magnetic field model and has broad and important scientific and application value. It can be used for scientific research in deep Earth, Earth's oceans, Earth's space, as well as for aerospace navigation, resource exploration, intelligent terminals, etc. A large amount of high-precision scientific data lays a solid foundation for establishing real-time geomagnetic models. The "Aoke-1" satellite project is jointly developed by the National Space Administration and the Macao Special Administrative Region Government, and is the first space science satellite jointly developed by the mainland and Macao. The successful launch of the "Aoke-1" satellite over a year ago has generated a large amount of high-precision scientific data, which has been used by scientists in related fields from various countries for research and applications in the deep Earth, Earth's oceans, and Earth's space science. Zhang Keke stated that this has laid a solid foundation for the significant progress in data application this time. With high-precision data, establishing a real-time model of the Earth's magnetic field remains a highly challenging task in terms of science and technology Zhang Keke explained that this is because the Earth is a very complex coupled layer system. The Earth's main magnetic field is generated by the Earth's outer nuclear fluid located between 2890 kilometers and 5150 kilometers underground. However, scientists know very little about the dynamic spatiotemporal structure of the Earth's outer nuclear iron nickel mixture conductive fluid. Therefore, the spatiotemporal variation of the Earth's magnetic field has been selected as one of the most forward-looking scientific questions by the journal Science. The high temperature of the Earth's solid core is approximately 5000K (Kelvin), and the conductive fluid of the iron nickel mixture in the Earth's outer core generates strong thermal convection, keeping the Earth's outer core in a liquid state. Through a very complex nonlinear generator effect, the current in the Earth's liquid outer core is generated and maintained, thereby generating a time-varying Earth's internal magnetic field. The high-precision Earth's magnetic field measured by satellites is closely related to the dynamics, physical structure, and chemical properties of the Earth system. The Earth's magnetic field is the only physical field that can reflect the characteristics of the Earth's core, mantle, ocean, lithosphere, ionosphere, and magnetosphere. Therefore, the high-precision Earth's magnetic field measured by satellites provides valuable information for scientists to study complex Earth systems, "said Zhang Keke. The world's first three-dimensional structure of the Earth's outer nuclear flow field and China's first global ocean motion magnetic field structure, the "Aoke-1" satellite scientist team, based on the magnetic field data of the "Aoke-1" satellite and other effective geomagnetic data, used a new algorithm of artificial intelligence physics information neural network to depict the three-dimensional flow field of the Earth's outer nuclear generator, revealing the significant east-west hemisphere asymmetry of the Earth's liquid outer nuclear flow field structure, and discovering the large-scale circulation from east to west in the liquid outer core below the Atlantic Ocean, displaying the core mantle coupling characteristics of the three-dimensional fluid motion of the generator in the Earth's liquid outer core. This is a groundbreaking scientific discovery that has unveiled the mystery of the Earth's liquid outer core flow field, just like meeting a person through fingerprints, "Zhang Keke said vividly. The Earth's oceans are composed of highly conductive fluids, and the interaction between the main magnetic field generated by the Earth's nuclear generator and large-scale seawater motion generates an induced magnetic field. The high-precision "Aoke-1" satellite can observe the induced magnetic field of tidal motion in the Earth's oceans. Due to the sensitivity of ocean induced magnetic signals to ocean geometry, seabed structures, seawater conductivity, and ocean flow fields, induced magnetic fields can be used to study the properties of seabed geophysics and geological structures and large-scale ocean movements. Establishing a global ocean motion magnetic field structure is another challenging problem in both theory and computation Zhang Keke said that due to the complexity of ocean geometry, continental boundaries, and ocean currents, the general spherical harmonic function method cannot be directly used for calculating the induced magnetic field in the ocean. Using the magnetic field data and other effective geomagnetic data from the "Aoke-1" satellite, the "Aoke-1" satellite team used modern algorithms to solve equations by gridding the ocean and land, and the tidal velocity of seawater, in order to obtain China's first global ocean motion magnetic field structure. The currently released version 1.0 of the real-time Earth's magnetic field model is based on high-precision magnetic field data and other effective geomagnetic data from the "Aoke-1" satellite, utilizing the core technology, core algorithms, and core software independently developed by the "Aoke-1" satellite team. With the continuous accumulation of data and updates in algorithms and software from the 'Aoke-1' satellite, the 'Aoke-1' satellite team will continuously release updated versions of real-time Earth magnetic field models, "said Zhang Keke. In the future, a "global high-precision geomagnetic field constellation" will be established, and the establishment of a "global high-precision geomagnetic field constellation" has been included in the recently released "National Space Science Medium - and Long Term Development Plan (2024-2050)". Zhang Keke said that on the occasion of the 25th anniversary of Macau's return, the "Aoke-2" satellite project has also been approved by the Macau SAR government. The "Aoke-2" satellite and the "Aoke-1" satellite form a high-precision geomagnetic field constellation and are networked for observation, providing high-precision global data on the spatiotemporal changes of the Earth's magnetic field. The main scientific mission of the "Aoke-2" satellite is consistent with that of the "Aoke-1" satellite: to conduct high-precision observations and research on the spatiotemporal changes of the Earth's magnetic field. Zhang Keke revealed that the "Aoke-2" satellite will be a large elliptical polar orbit satellite with a perigee of about 200 kilometers and an apogee of about 2000 kilometers. With the establishment of a high-precision global geomagnetic field constellation, Macau will become a center for high-precision geomagnetic field measurement, data, and applications, enhancing Macau's influence in the scientific and technological community and providing a feasible high-tech path for Macau's moderate diversified development Zhang Keke's outlook. (New Society)