Accelerating towards becoming a technological powerhouse - Overview of the development of science and technology in the 75th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China
2024-09-12
Since the founding of the People's Republic of China 75 years ago, our country's science and technology industry has made significant progress and become a technology powerhouse with important influence in the world.
China's science and technology industry has achieved historic achievements and undergone historic changes
Under the attention of the public, China's Chang'e-6 mission has achieved the first human achievement of sampling and returning from the far side of the moon, successfully bringing back 1935.3 grams of lunar samples. This is also the most technologically advanced lunar exploration mission in China's aerospace history to date.
From the successful launch of the Dongfanghong-1 satellite to the exploration of space by Chinese astronauts; The rapid development of China's aerospace industry reflects the great achievements of China's scientific and technological development, from the comprehensive construction of the Chinese space station to the deepening of lunar and fire exploration projects.
The prosperity of technology leads to the prosperity of the nation, and the strength of technology leads to the strength of the country. Since the founding of the People's Republic of China 75 years ago, our country has always attached great importance to the important role of scientific and technological innovation in the overall development of the country.
When the People's Republic of China was founded, the technological foundation was almost zero, with only over 30 specialized scientific research institutions and almost no large-scale scientific research instruments and equipment. With the sounding of the horn of "marching towards science" in New China, our country has overcome one technological difficulty after another, becoming an important support on the road to rejuvenation.
From the "Two Bombs and One Satellite" to nuclear submarines, from artemisinin to hybrid rice, from breakthroughs in petroleum geological exploration to the launch of tens of thousands of tons of giant ships, China's scientific and technological innovation has always focused on the needs of the country and the people, providing strong guarantees for national security, economic and social development, and people's lives.
Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, China has continuously improved the new national system, accelerated the promotion of high-level technological self-reliance and self-improvement, achieved historic achievements and underwent historic changes in the field of science and technology, and entered the ranks of innovative countries.
——New breakthroughs are constantly being made in fundamental cutting-edge research.
The "Chinese Eye of Heaven" and the High Altitude Cosmic Ray Observatory, among other "major national heavy objects," have successively made world-class discoveries; Artificially synthesizing starch with carbon dioxide to achieve "technological creation"; Chinese scientists have achieved a number of significant original achievements in fields such as quantum technology, life sciences, material sciences, and space sciences.
——The strategic high-tech field has ushered in a new leap forward.
Chang'e probes the moon, Tianhe stays in the sky, Tianwen explores fire, Crust-1 advances deep into the earth, Struggler explores thousands of meters of deep sea, and the world's first fourth generation nuclear power plant is put into commercial operation.
——The construction of the national innovation system is accelerating in terms of quality improvement.
China has gradually formed a collaborative innovation system dominated by technology-based enterprises, research institutes, and universities. By the end of 2023, China will rank first in the world in terms of the number of global top 100 science and technology innovation clusters, with a current total of 463000 high-tech enterprises.
In 2023, China's total expenditure on research and experimental development will remain the second largest in the world, with a ratio of 2.64% to GDP, exceeding the average level of EU countries; As of June 2024, the effective number of domestic invention patents in China reached 4.425 million, and the number of high-value invention patents per 10000 population reached 12.9.
The Global Innovation Index released by the World Intellectual Property Organization shows that China's comprehensive ranking of innovation capabilities has jumped from 34th in 2012 to 12th in 2023, making it the only middle-income economy among the top 30.
Innovation driven leads to high-quality development and achieves new results
With a length of 323.6 meters and a height of 24 floors, it can accommodate 5246 passengers. The first large domestic cruise ship, the "Aida Magic City", is like a "sea city". Since its maiden voyage on January 1st this year, the "Aida Magic City" has operated more than 60 voyages, serving nearly 250000 domestic and foreign tourists.
Due to the long industrial chain and strong driving force, the proportion of cruise ship manufacturing in driving economic development can reach 1:14. Through years of scientific research and development, China has broken the monopoly of foreign technology and successfully built the "Aida Magic City", which not only promotes the high-end development of the shipbuilding industry, but also effectively drives the development of related industries.
The integration of technology and industry will generate a powerful driving force for economic development. Over the past 75 years, China has gone from being a poor and impoverished agricultural country, to establishing an independent and relatively complete industrial system, and then becoming the world's largest industrial country. The industrial structure has continued to upgrade, and every step is inseparable from the support of technological innovation.
General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized that "Chinese style modernization relies on the support of technological modernization, and achieving high-quality development relies on the cultivation of new driving forces through technological innovation." Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, China has deeply promoted the implementation of the innovation driven development strategy, and innovation driven development has continuously achieved new results in leading high-quality development.
——Technological innovation creates a new engine for high-quality development.
Emerging industries such as integrated circuits and artificial intelligence are flourishing, while BeiDou Navigation provides precise global services. Domestic large aircraft have achieved commercial flights, and new energy vehicles have added new momentum to the global automotive industry. From 2013 to 2023, the added value of China's large-scale equipment manufacturing industry and high-tech manufacturing industry has grown at an average annual rate of 8.7% and 10.3% respectively. Strategic emerging industries have developed and grown, becoming important engines leading high-quality development.
——Key core technology breakthroughs have forged the 'Great Country Project'.
The development of the Fuxing high-speed train has effectively promoted the modernization of China's rail equipment industry system; The "East Calculation West Calculation" project is accelerating, and more and more western cities are welcoming new opportunities for the development of the digital economy; The Guangdong Hong Kong Macao Greater Bay Area Super Project Shenzhen China Channel helps Shenzhen and Zhongshan on both sides of the the Pearl River Estuary to enter the "half-hour life circle"... Through tackling key core technologies, China has forged a number of "major country projects" to promote high-quality economic and social development.
——Innovative achievements emerge in competition to achieve a better life.
High definition televisions, smart air conditioners, and robotic vacuum cleaners have become the protagonists of household products; Continuous research and development in agricultural breeding to make people's dining tables more abundant; Significant progress has been made in the research and development of new drugs, and multiple high-end medical equipment have accelerated localization, helping to safeguard people's health; Accelerating breakthroughs in energy-saving and environmental protection technologies, safeguarding clear waters and blue skies for everyone.
Deepening reform to stimulate innovation vitality
10909 meters! This is the manned deep-sea diving record set by the "Striver" spacecraft in China. The extremely harsh deep-sea environment poses world-class technological challenges to the pressure resistance, maneuverability, and communication system of submarines.
Faced with challenges, China has organized nearly a thousand researchers from nearly a hundred research institutes, universities, and enterprises to carry out collaborative research and development, breaking through a series of key core technologies. The localization rate of the "Striver" components has exceeded 96.5%, vividly demonstrating the huge advantages of the new national system.
Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, China has systematically deployed and vigorously promoted the reform of the scientific and technological system, and leveraging the advantages of the new national system is an important part of it.
Focusing on the "four orientations", China has strengthened the deployment of the entire chain and field of scientific and technological innovation, comprehensively enhanced its scientific and technological strength and innovation capabilities, and accelerated its layout in new tracks and strategic areas such as quantum technology, artificial intelligence, biomedicine, and new energy.
The way to innovation lies in finding people. Through the reform of the scientific and technological system, China has continuously strengthened its team of scientific and technological talents, fully unleashing innovative vitality.
When the People's Republic of China was founded, there were no more than 50000 scientific and technological personnel in the country, with only over 600 specialized in scientific research. Nowadays, the quantity and quality of China's scientific and technological talent team have increased, and the full-time equivalent of R&D personnel has been ranked first in the world for many years, forming the most complete discipline system and the largest talent system in the world.
By loosening restrictions and reducing burdens, researchers can devote themselves wholeheartedly to scientific research; Through methods such as "unveiling the list and leading the way" and "horse racing system", outstanding talents can stand out; Focusing on strengthening R&D investment, accelerating the cultivation of young talents, and increasing support for start-up enterprises, a series of reform measures have been introduced to further stimulate the innovation and entrepreneurship vitality of scientific researchers.
The Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China made comprehensive arrangements for further deepening the reform of the scientific and technological system. In the future, China will continue to deepen reforms in optimizing the organizational mechanism for major scientific and technological innovations, coordinating and strengthening key core technology breakthroughs, enhancing the construction of national strategic scientific and technological forces, improving the management of scientific and technological plans, and strengthening organized basic research.
Build a technological powerhouse by 2035! The blueprint is drawn, the goal is ahead
Edit：He Chuanning Responsible editor：Su Suiyue
Source：Xinhua
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