Guarding the 'One River and Three Mountains' and making the' Jiangnan on the Great Wall 'more and more beautiful
2024-08-16
The mountains and rivers are in a state of autumn, and the scenery is unique.
The mighty Yellow River winds and flows, the orchards at the foot of Helan Mountain are fragrant, Liupan Mountain is high in the sky with clear clouds, and Luoshan Mountain is covered in lush greenery like a vast sea. 'One River and Three Mountains' is not only an important ecological coordinate of Ningxia, but also a benchmark for Ningxia's planning of reform and development.
High aesthetic value ecology: reproducing the beautiful essence
In early autumn, the sandy lake is surrounded by sand and water, and egrets flock together, attracting visitors to linger and forget to leave.
Shahu Lake is an important wetland in the Yellow River Basin and also an important migration channel for migratory birds in northwest China. Just a few years ago, this "pearl on top" was still suffering from the pain of pollution.
Due to the closure of the water body, high evaporation and low replenishment, coupled with the impact of surrounding non-point source pollution and the development of the Shahu scenic area, the water quality of Shahu Lake once dropped to Class V, and the ecosystem suffered serious degradation.
I vividly remember one day in 2016, when there were large pieces of dead fish floating on the lake with their bellies turned white, it was very heartbreaking to see them, "recalled some employees of Shahu Scenic Area. In the same year, the water quality problem of Shahu Lake was named and ordered to be rectified by the central environmental protection inspection team.
Clean up 1.5 million cubic meters of sediment at the bottom of the lake, build 13.2 kilometers of anti-seepage isolation ditches, construct 6000 acres of artificial wetlands and plant plants such as calamus and reeds to adsorb and purify pollutants, and relocate the sewage treatment plant in the scenic area
After the treatment of "scraping bones to treat toxins", the water quality of Shahu Lake has been improving year by year and has now stabilized at Class III to IV. Li Dongping, the manager of the Ecological Protection Department of Ningxia Shahu Tourism Co., Ltd., happily said that in recent years, rare bird species such as the coiled pelican and the jade belt sea eagle have been monitored multiple times in Shahu. "With the improvement of the ecology and the increasing number of tourists, we have now established a regular monitoring and protection mechanism for Shahu
Ningxia takes the lead in the governance of major rivers.
As the only province among the nine provinces along the Yellow River that belongs entirely to the Yellow River Basin, Ningxia continues to deepen its efforts in defending blue skies, clear waters, and clean land. It focuses on key areas and key links in pollution prevention and control, and addresses weaknesses, strengths, and foundations in a targeted manner, steadily promoting the continuous improvement of ecological environment quality.
The proportion of days with excellent air quality in prefecture level cities in the entire region has exceeded 80% for 9 consecutive years, and the water quality of the Ningxia section of the Yellow River has remained at Class II for 7 consecutive years. The safe utilization rate of polluted farmland has reached 100%... In 2022 and 2023, Ningxia achieved excellent grades in the performance assessment of the central pollution prevention and control battle, and the beautiful nature of "Jiangnan on the Great Wall" has reappeared.
Institutional protection ensures the long-term presence of a high-value ecosystem.
Ningxia has taken the lead in promoting the "river chief+prosecutor general+police chief" management model across the entire region, and has signed horizontal ecological protection compensation agreements with Gansu and Inner Mongolia, becoming the first province in the Yellow River Basin to establish compensation mechanisms both upstream and downstream.
At present, Ningxia has established an ecological compensation mechanism that promotes vertical and horizontal coordination between finance and regions, which has consolidated the responsibility of each city, county, and district government for ecological environment protection. The awareness and investment in improving the environment in various regions have been significantly strengthened, "said Zhang Shoujun, Deputy Director of the Science and Finance Department of the Ningxia Ecological Environment Department.
High level protection: building a strong ecological barrier
Look, the Snow Leopard F1 has been staying here for several days and may have been hunting, "said Zhu Yachao, deputy head of the scientific research department at the Helan Mountain National Nature Reserve Management Bureau in Ningxia, occasionally checking the latest movement trajectory of the snow leopard transmitted by satellite collars. Since the release of two female snow leopards in Helan Mountain in Ningxia this year, Zhu Yachao has started "cloud leopard breeding".
Helan Mountain is one of the important habitats and distribution areas for snow leopards in China. Since the 1950s, with the increasing frequency of human activities, snow leopards have disappeared for a period of time. In September 2020, an infrared camera installed on Helan Mountain accidentally captured a snow leopard, which excited Zhu Yachao and others.
In recent years, Ningxia has carried out the protection and restoration of snow leopard populations under the guidance of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration. Currently, a total of 4 snow leopards have been monitored in Helan Mountain. We have found that they are delineating their territories, but their paths of action overlap. We look forward to good news of the birth of young leopards next spring, "said Zhu Yachao.
The return of snow leopards is a vivid example of the improvement of the ecological environment.
Helan Mountain, Luoshan Mountain, and Liupan Mountain stand tall from north to south, not only nurturing the reproduction and growth of all living things, but also forming an important ecological security barrier in northwest China. However, in the past, due to long-term disorderly mining, cultivation, grazing and other behaviors, the "Three Mountains" have been damaged to varying degrees.
Since 2017, Ningxia has launched a comprehensive campaign to clean up, rectify and protect the "Three Mountains" with the determination of "cutting off the arm of a brave warrior". In Helan Mountain, all coal mines, non coal mines, coal washing and storage plants, etc. in the nature reserve have been completely shut down, and 169 human activity sites have been specially rectified; In Liupanshan, all illegal buildings within the nature reserve have been demolished, and all enterprises in the Sanguankou mining area have been cleared, with an ecological restoration area of approximately 1.15 million square meters; In Luoshan, all 38 wind turbines and ancillary facilities in the nature reserve have been withdrawn... Currently, all problem points in the "Three Mountains" nature reserve have been rectified and dynamically cleared.
Standing on the top of a coal slag mountain in the Shicanjing mining area of Helan Mountain, looking around, one slag platform after another has been cut and covered with soil, and has grown little new green. Liu Shulong, the captain of the Helan Mountain Management and Protection Team of Shizuishan Ecological Protection Forest Farm, pointed to a shaded area of green trees at the foot of the mountain and said, "So this area is all a coal washing plant. We dare not wear white clothes to come in, and we have been black for a few minutes. Now the blue sky here has returned
Return peace to the mountains and slowly heal the scars. In 2021, Ningxia issued a special plan for ecological protection and restoration of the "Three Mountains", accelerating the construction of a natural protected area system with national parks as the main body. So far, more than 10.6 billion yuan has been invested, and more than 400 projects have been launched and implemented, steadily improving the ecological functions of the "Three Mountains".
Ningxia is comprehensively promoting the integrated protection and systematic management of mountains, waters, forests, fields, lakes, grasses, and sands. Since the start of the battle against the "several bends" of the Yellow River last year, Ningxia has responded to orders. At Shapotou, Zhongwei City, at the junction of the Yellow River and Tengger Desert, a sand fixation belt with a length of about 153 kilometers and a width of about 10 kilometers has been formed.
Currently, the forest coverage rate in Ningxia has reached 11.35%, the comprehensive vegetation coverage of grasslands has reached 56.8%, and the wetland protection rate has reached 29%. The ecological barrier of "one river and three mountains" is becoming increasingly stable.
High quality development: promoting the reform of "six rights"
Two months ago, the Ningdong Energy and Chemical Industry Base Management Committee and Ningxia Baoting New Energy Co., Ltd. completed an energy usage rights transaction for approximately 64000 tons of standard coal, ensuring the energy consumption indicators of the latter's high-end new material project.
This is the first energy use rights transaction completed in Ningxia since the implementation of energy use rights reform, marking an important step for Ningxia to use market-oriented means to break through energy consumption resource constraints and promote green, low-carbon and high-quality development.
Green and low-carbon development is the fundamental solution to solving ecological and environmental problems. Starting from 2021, Ningxia has successively launched the "six rights" reform of water rights, land rights, forest rights, pollution rights, energy use rights, and carbon emission rights, deepening the market-oriented allocation reform of resources and environmental factors, promoting the continuous improvement of ecological environment quality and the green transformation of economic development.
At Ningxia Daming Activated Carbon Co., Ltd. located in Shizuishan City, Ningxia, the combustible flue gas generated during the activated carbon processing is collected through a set of pipelines and burned to generate heat energy for the waste heat boiler, achieving the goal of "turning waste into treasure".
In the past, the company used to heat the water in the boiler by burning coal to produce steam, which consumed about 10000 tons of coal per year. In recent years, through technological innovation, we have recovered and reused the flue gas that was originally discharged directly into the atmosphere during the production process of activated carbon, replacing coal burning and reducing the emissions of nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxide, "said Wang Wen, Deputy General Manager of Ningxia Daming Activated Carbon Co., Ltd.
The technological innovation of this company originated from the promotion of the pollution control reform in Ningxia. Ningxia will change the total emission quota of major pollutants from government free allocation to market open trading. New construction and expansion projects will need to purchase emission rights from the market. After enterprises reduce pollutant emissions through measures such as upgrading and clean production, the surplus emission rights can be traded in the market.
Wang Wen told reporters that last year the company traded its surplus emission rights on the Ningxia Public Resource Trading Platform, which unexpectedly became a "hot commodity". The nitrogen oxide emission quota was quickly sold out, earning a total of more than 190000 yuan in revenue. We have invested this funding in the construction of desulfurization towers and domestic sewage treatment, further improving the process and reducing pollutant emissions
Currently, Ningxia is leading the comprehensive deepening of reform and creating a new situation with the deepening of the "six rights" reform. As of the end of June this year, the entire region has completed a total of 4705 "six rights" transactions worth more than 34.6 billion yuan, with mortgage financing of 4.34 billion yuan, further strengthening the ecological "foundation" and consolidating the resource "base".
Edit：He Chuanning Responsible editor：Su Suiyue
Source：Xinhua
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