Green Wealth, Win Win, Sand Land, Rich People, Fruit Plates, Boosting Farmers' '' Money Bags'
2024-08-16
How to balance economic and ecological benefits in the development of sand industry? The reporter conducted interviews around these issues. The characteristic fruit forests have enriched the people's fruit plates, and the sandy land also produces Chinese medicinal herbs and woody grain and oil. Huachi County, Qingyang City, Gansu Province is located in the hinterland of the "Three North" Project's Yellow River "Several Bend" tackling area, the connection area between the Loess Plateau and the Maowusu sandy land, and is the forefront area that blocks the southward invasion path of northern and northwestern sandstorms. To strengthen the ecological barrier, the local government vigorously implements the policy of returning farmland to forests, preventing and controlling desertification, and promotes the planting of suitable tree species - seabuckthorn trees. Arriving at the Huangshadi in Chengguan Village, Rouyuan Town, rows of sea buckthorn trees are over half a person tall. Zhang Pengfei, the head of Tengsheng Nursery Planting Farmers' Professional Cooperative in Huachi County, is sweating profusely as he prunes sea buckthorn trees. Sea buckthorn is one of the first confirmed medicinal and edible plants in China, containing various nutrients and active ingredients, especially with a very high content of vitamin C Zhang Pengfei said that the fruit, leaves, and seeds of sea buckthorn are rich in bioactive ingredients, which have the effects of promoting digestion, relieving cough and phlegm, reducing swelling and pain, and so on. Zhang Pengfei introduced that sea buckthorn trees are cold resistant, drought resistant, and resistant to wind and sand. They can grow in many barren mountains, steep slopes, sandy soil, and sandstone with low precipitation. Sea buckthorn has strong adaptability and high survival rate in afforestation. We regard it as an important tree species for sand control and afforestation, and the effect is good. The cooperative mainly engages in sea buckthorn seedling cultivation, and about 8 million seedlings can emerge every year. Sea buckthorn trees can effectively fix sandy soil. Sea buckthorn trees on the ground resemble an umbrella, the fallen leaves on the ground resemble a blanket, and the root system underground is well-developed, resembling a net. From the ground to the ground, sea buckthorn trees preserve soil, sand, water, and nitrogen, and have high ecological value, "said Zhu Yajuan, a researcher at the Institute of Ecological Protection and Restoration of the Chinese Academy of Forestry. In addition to its ecological value, seabuckthorn also has significant economic value. Tian Cheng, Deputy Director of the Natural Resources Bureau of Huachi County, introduced that the current planting area of sea buckthorn in the county is over 450000 mu. The output value of sea buckthorn branches and fruits in barren mountains can exceed 400 yuan per mu, and the output value of sea buckthorn branches and fruits in sea buckthorn orchards can exceed 1000 yuan per mu. Every spring and autumn, nearly 2000 rural laborers participate in the construction of seabuckthorn forests in the county, with a per capita labor income of up to 9000 yuan. In the beginning of autumn, walking into the Jinxiu Haitang Demonstration Base in Liaofeng Village, Molimiao Sumu, Keerqin District, Tongliao City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, rows of fruit trees are neatly arranged, and the fruits are shining with golden light. Jinxiu Haitang, also known as the Red Apple and Chicken Heart Fruit outside the Great Wall. We started researching this variety in the 1990s. This variety is cold and drought resistant, can survive in sandy areas, and has high benefits and is easy to promote Wang Baoxia, Deputy Director of Tongliao Forestry and Grassland Science Research Institute, said. The economic and ecological benefits of Jinxiu Haitang are significant. Li Yonghua, the secretary of the Liaofeng Village Party Branch, said, "The entire village has planted Jinxiu Haitang on 1500 acres of land, and the survival rate of afforestation has reached over 95%. The average benefit per mu during the peak production period of the demonstration garden is over 5000 yuan. After the fruit trees are harvested, the risk of sandstorms has also been effectively reduced. At present, the cultivation area of Jinxiu Haitang in Tongliao City has reached 350000 mu, with a result area of over 100000 mu. The annual fruit output has reached over 100000 tons, and the annual output value is nearly 500 million yuan. The characteristic fruit forest enriches the people's fruit plates, and the sandy land also produces Chinese medicinal herbs and woody grain and oil. The characteristic forest fruit varieties in the sand area of Inner Mongolia mainly include apples, seabuckthorn, pears, grapes, etc., with an area of about 2 million mu and an annual output of about 800000 tons; The main varieties of traditional Chinese medicinal materials in sandy areas include sour jujube, dried bamboo shoots, red peony, Atractylodes macrocephala, etc; The woody grain and oil in the sand area are mainly Wenguan fruit and Renyong apricot. The planting area of Wenguan fruit in the whole area is 810000 mu, and the planting scale of Renyong apricot is 12.96 million mu. To obtain food from sandy areas, it is necessary to select suitable planting varieties based on water resource carrying capacity and soil characteristics, and follow the development laws of agriculture and forestry in arid and semi-arid regions. At the same time, it is necessary to attach importance to the construction of protective forests, including oasis windbreak forests and peripheral sand fixation forests, to ensure ecological security Zhu Yajuan said. Sand crops for windbreak and sand fixation have also gathered farmers' "money bags". In Shadi Village, Xiqu Town, Minqin County, Gansu Province, He Derong, the head of Yunfeng Cistanche Farmers' Professional Cooperative, led the villagers to pick up water pipes and insert them into the roots of Haloxylon ammodendron. Only by drinking enough water can the Cistanche deserticola grow better! "Said He Derong. Cistanche deserticola is a parasitic plant, and its host, Haloxylon ammodendron, usually grows in sandy areas and has the effect of windbreak and sand fixation. Cistanche deserticola contains rich alkaloids, amino acids, trace elements, etc. In addition to its edible value in stewing meat, serving as a vegetable, brewing tea, and making wine, it also has medicinal value in regulating endocrine function and promoting metabolism. It is known as the 'desert ginseng'. "He Derong introduced that in November last year, Cistanche deserticola was included in the list of substances that are traditionally both food and Chinese medicinal materials. The soil layer in Minqin County is thick, with long sunshine hours and high accumulated temperature, making it very suitable for planting Cistanche deserticola. He Derong led the cooperative members to continuously explore planting techniques suitable for Minqin. We plant Cistanche deserticola by digging pits about 70 centimeters deep, 20 centimeters wide, and half a meter long at a distance of about 1 meter from Haloxylon ammodendron, and then sprinkling them with organic fertilizer, seeds, sand, etc. After more than 10 years of technical exploration, the cooperative's Cistanche deserticola planting area has expanded to 4600 acres, with a success rate of over 85%. Last year, the total output value of the county's Haloxylon ammodendron inoculation with Cistanche deserticola was 12.72 million yuan, and four Cistanche deserticola product brands have been created. Sandy land not only provides a variety of food directly, but also offers high-quality feed for the livestock industry, indirectly providing high protein foods such as beef, mutton, and milk. Walking into Lin Xiaogang's sheep grass planting base in Xiaojieji Town, Kailu County, Tongliao City, three harvesters are roaring and harvesting sheep grass. This year, I have planted a total of 800 acres of Leymus chinensis, with an estimated average yield of around 1500 yuan per acre, "said Lin Xiaogang. Sheep grass, also known as alkali grass, has good palatability and is loved by cows and sheep. Liu Hui, an engineer from the Institute of Botany of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, who has been stationed in Xiaojiejie Town for a long time, introduced that Leymus chinensis is a variety of Leymus chinensis bred by the Institute, which has cold and drought resistance, salt and alkali tolerance, grazing resistance and other characteristics. The crude protein content is up to 12% -17%, significantly higher than that of ordinary forage, and is rich in crude fat, minerals, vitamins and other nutrients. "These ingredients are crucial for the growth, development and health maintenance of cattle and sheep." Leymus chinensis also has a strong sand fixation effect. Zhongke Leymus has developed transverse rhizomes that can continuously replicate and form a network underground, effectively consolidating and holding the soil. Liu Hui said that according to calculations, planting Zhongke Leymus can reduce soil wind erosion by about 70% in the second year and more than 95% in three years. In addition to ecological benefits, Leymus chinensis has also gained the "money bag" of growers. An Zhijun, General Manager of Inner Mongolia Zhongke Yangcao Agricultural Development Co., Ltd., introduced: "After sowing, Yangcao can grow for about 30 years, with only field management costs required each year. The average benefit per mu of Yangcao during the vigorous growth period can reach 1800 yuan." Yuan Qingfei, Deputy Secretary of the Party Committee and Mayor of Xiaojieji Town, introduced that the planting area of Zhongke Yangcao in the whole town is 52000 mu, and an industrial consortium has been formed, led by the government, demonstrated by leading enterprises, followed by the integration of cooperatives and family farms, and the participation of large-scale planting and breeding households. Currently, 48 Yangcao enterprises have settled in Xiaojieji Town, providing employment for more than 1000 people. Targeting the market, increasing research and development, extending the industrial chain, and enhancing the value chain. On the seabuckthorn tea production line of Huachi Gannong Biotechnology Co., Ltd., workers proficiently clean and air dry freshly picked seabuckthorn leaves, followed by processes such as withering, rolling, frying tea, and flavoring. Last September, the production line started operating and can produce 1 ton of finished seabuckthorn tea per day. Gannong Biotechnology Co., Ltd. is one of the early established sea buckthorn processing enterprises in the local area. The company has successively launched products such as sea buckthorn raw materials, raw pulp, and beverages, which are very popular in the market. Company manager Huang Jiulong said, "We need to target market demand and increase product research and development. For example, after years of research, we have found that using sea buckthorn leaves to make tea has a good taste and sufficient nutrition. Since May this year, we have been picking sea buckthorn leaves and have produced more than 60 tons of finished tea." Huang Jiulong introduced that all sea buckthorn fruits and leaves used in the company's production line are purchased from local villagers. Last year, the company produced 6000 tons of sea buckthorn beverages, sea buckthorn raw pulp, sea buckthorn fruit oil, sea buckthorn tea and other products, with a production value of 38 million yuan. During the season of picking seabuckthorn leaves to make tea, each tea picker earns nearly 4000 yuan per month. In addition to deep processing, packaging, logistics, e-commerce sales, etc. have also extended the characteristic industrial chain of Saudi Arabia, enhancing the value chain. In recent days, Teng Dayong, a fruit farmer from Xibohua Village, Xibohua Town, Keerqin Left Middle Banner, Tongliao City, has been busy registering a fresh fruit packaging company. "After the harvest of Jinxiu Haitang, we will package and export it ourselves to strive for greater profits. In recent years, Tongliao City has initially formed a complete industrial chain system for the cultivation, storage, processing, packaging, logistics, and deep processing of Jinxiu Haitang. The products are sold to multiple provinces and regions in China and exported to countries such as Malaysia and Singapore. Technological assistance promotes the development of the entire industry chain of Jinxiu Haitang. Wang Baoxia introduced, "We have achieved a number of research results with independent intellectual property rights and market development potential in breeding, cultivation, storage, preservation, and processing. In addition, Tongliao City has assisted in formulating multiple local industry standards and established the Inner Mongolia Cold Zone Apple Testing Station, which provides strong support for the scientific, healthy, and sustainable development of the entire apple industry chain." "" The development of the sand food industry should strengthen the promotion of ecological agriculture models, focus on brand building and market development, build a complete industrial chain, and enhance product added value under the basic principles of water based green, water-saving and fertilizer saving, and good breeding methods. "Zhu Yajuan introduced that the next step is to accelerate the establishment of a precise management and control system for water, nutrients, and pests and diseases. Strengthen the breeding of drought resistant, high-quality and high-yield new varieties, vigorously cultivate food, medicine The entire industry chain of health products and other related products. (New Society)
Edit：NingChangRun Responsible editor：LiaoXin
Source：People's Daily
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