How to understand the development of productivity characterized by high technology, high efficiency, and high quality
2024-08-15
The Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Further Comprehensively Deepening Reform and Promoting Chinese path to modernization puts forward: "Develop productive forces characterized by high technology, high efficiency and high quality." High technology, high efficiency and high quality reveal the basic characteristics of new quality productive forces and clarify the new major requirements of the new era and new journey for the development of productive forces, which need us to accurately grasp. It can be understood from the following aspects. Firstly, new quality productivity is driven by technological innovation and cannot be separated from high technology. Productivity is the ability of humans to utilize and transform nature, and is the fundamental force driving economic and social development. Among the various factors of productivity, science and technology are the primary productive forces and have a decisive impact on the quality of productivity. From the process of the Industrial Revolution, from mechanization in the 18th century, to electrification in the 19th century, to informatization in the 20th century, every major technological innovation has brought about a great liberation of social productivity. Currently, a new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation is accelerating, with the widespread penetration of new generation information technology, artificial intelligence, quantum technology, biotechnology, new energy, new materials and other technologies, driving major industrial and technological changes characterized by digitization, intelligence, and greening. The emergence of new quality productivity is precisely in this context, based on major breakthroughs in basic research and the application of original and disruptive technological innovation achievements, which is another liberation of social productivity. In recent years, China's scientific and technological innovation capabilities have steadily improved. A number of original achievements with international influence have been made in basic research fields such as quantum information and neuroscience. New technological innovations such as artificial intelligence, photovoltaics, lithium batteries, and synthetic biology have accelerated their application and entered the ranks of innovative countries, providing strong support for the development of new quality productivity. Secondly, new quality productivity should be supported by optimized resource allocation and possess high efficiency. The basic connotation of new quality productivity is to optimize the combination and upgrading of laborers, labor materials, and labor objects, optimize the allocation of factor inputs, improve the efficiency of factor combinations, and bring about a significant increase in total factor productivity. From the history of productivity development, every leap in productivity level is accompanied by continuous expansion and changes in the scope and relative importance of production factors. The connotation of production factors continues to expand from labor, land to capital, technology, knowledge, management, and data; At the same time, the intensity of capital and technological factors continues to increase, and the role of human capital, knowledge, management, and other factors has significantly increased. The multiplier effect of new production factors such as data is highlighted. In recent years, the resource endowment conditions for China's economic development have undergone profound changes, and the driving force of economic growth is gradually shifting from mainly relying on external input of resource factors to relying on optimized combination and upgrading of production factors, bringing about an improvement in total factor productivity. In the past 10 years, the average annual growth rate of labor productivity for all employees in China has been higher than the economic growth rate, and by 2023, it has reached a new level of 162000 yuan per person. Thirdly, the new quality productivity, characterized by deep industrial transformation and upgrading, is inevitably of high quality. Industry is the carrier of productivity, and industrial transformation and upgrading are manifestations of productivity transformation. Every major technological innovation of humanity will profoundly change the industrial form and production organization mode, bringing about the iterative upgrading of leading and pillar industries, from steam engines, textile machines, railways, to electricity, petroleum, chemistry, automobiles, to atomic energy, computers, aerospace technology, etc. New quality productivity also brings significant changes to industrial structure, enterprise form, and product quality. Among them, strategic emerging industries and future industries have the characteristics of active innovation, technology intensity, high-end value, and broad prospects, which are important directions for industrial transformation and upgrading. In recent years, China's strategic emerging industries have flourished, with the added value of strategic emerging industries accounting for over 13% of the country's gross domestic product in 2023. Advantageous areas such as new energy vehicles, lithium batteries, and photovoltaic products have accelerated their development, and have also formed certain leading advantages in emerging fields such as digital economy and low altitude economy. The industrial foundation for developing new quality productivity continues to be consolidated. As a new strategic measure, there are two points that need to be noted and grasped in understanding and implementing the development of new quality productivity: first, the development of new quality productivity does not ignore or abandon traditional industries. Traditional industries account for over 80% of China's manufacturing industry and are the foundation of the modern industrial system. Traditional industries do not represent backward productivity. Technological innovation can stimulate the revitalization of traditional industries and become an important source of developing new quality productivity. Second, the development of new quality productive forces should not be lumped together and foam shaped, but should be adapted to local conditions and played steadily. China has a vast territory and significant regional development differences. Different regions have varying resource endowments, industrial foundations, and scientific research conditions, resulting in differences in the focus of developing new quality productive forces. Each region should find its strategic positioning in the overall development of the country, respect the objective laws of industrial development, fully tap into its local development potential and comparative advantages, play the "characteristic card" and play the "first move" well, and steadily develop new quality productive forces. (New Society)
Edit：He Chuanning Responsible editor：Su Suiyue
Source：Xinhua
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