Recently, the International Labour Organization released a report titled "Paying Attention to the AI Divide: Shaping a Global Perspective on Future Jobs", which pointed out that as the global economy accelerates its transition towards AI driven development, underdeveloped countries are facing a situation of being further left behind, exacerbating the economic and social development gap with developed countries. The unbalanced application of AI technology is becoming a critical issue that far exceeds the economic growth rate itself. Labor is one of the main forms of human economic activity, and the enormous transformation of economic life by AI technology first affects the labor market. The report points out that the impact of generative AI on the global labor market does not have a significant substitution effect, and the direct reduction in employment caused by it is far less obvious than reported by the media. There will also be no widespread unemployment in the future. According to a survey by the International Labour Organization, only about 1% to 4% of jobs in various industry categories are at high risk of being replaced by automation, while another 25% of jobs are at medium risk. The above data shows that most jobs still require human involvement, and the automation level brought by AI applications will not lead to the elimination of humans, but will improve labor efficiency, thereby freeing humans to devote more time and energy to other fields of work. The report points out that while AI technology brings enormous opportunities for innovation and development, its uneven investment, construction, and deployment of applications among countries are highly likely to exacerbate the imbalance in income levels and quality of life. Currently, the "AI divide" is forming, with high-income countries benefiting from the development and application of related technologies, while low - and middle-income countries represented by Africa are relatively lagging behind. In terms of the impact of AI technology on the labor market, different countries and regions are also in different situations. Various jobs in developed countries are more under the tide of intelligence and automation, but these countries can also better utilize AI technology to improve productivity. In contrast, although developing countries may be isolated from the risk of automation substitution in the short term due to the lack of digital infrastructure construction, they will face productivity bottlenecks in the long run. The report warns that if measures are not taken to strengthen international cooperation to help developing countries, this gap will further widen and even offset the promoting role of AI technology itself in socio-economic development. Whether workers themselves are eliminated or empowered in the AI era largely depends on whether they have received professional training and possess the ability to use AI technology. The report points out that skill development should be matched with the development of artificial intelligence technology. In developing countries, in addition to increasing investment in computer hardware, it is also necessary to strengthen skills training on how to benefit from AI technology and better build and use domestically applicable AI systems. In addition, the report points out that in order to evenly distribute and widely share the dividends of AI technology, it is crucial to strengthen relevant capacity building through international cooperation. By sharing historical experiences, focusing on sensitive areas, and cultivating public-private partnerships, countries can enhance their readiness to respond to the AI wave, thereby reducing risks and unlocking the dividends of this technology for sustainable development and social progress. International organizations should play an important role in promoting cooperation among countries, becoming platforms for coordination and knowledge sharing, as well as helping to build a global standard framework for responsible AI. Regarding strengthening international cooperation, the report suggests establishing a global knowledge sharing network to decentralize AI technology research and innovation; At the same time, a unified method standard should be established to evaluate the impact of AI on labor employment; Establish global cross regional training courses to enhance experience sharing; Establishing cross-border AI research and development partnerships to benefit participating countries together. To achieve equal access to AI resources and infrastructure, and ensure that developing countries can enhance their skills through relevant training. (New Society)
Edit：Xiong Dafei Responsible editor：Li Xiang
Source：www.ce.cn
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