2024-07-22
1、 The significance and overall requirements of further comprehensively deepening reform and promoting Chinese path to modernization
(1) The importance and necessity of further comprehensively deepening reforms. Reform and opening up is an important tool for the Party and the people to catch up with the times. The Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China was epoch-making, opening up a new era of reform, opening up, and socialist modernization construction. The Third Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China was also epoch-making, opening up a new era of comprehensive deepening of reform, overall system design and promotion of reform, and creating a new situation for China's reform and opening up.
To provide strong institutional guarantees for achieving the first centenary goal of the Party and promote China to embark on a new journey of comprehensively building a socialist modernized country.
The current and future period is a critical period for comprehensively promoting the building of a strong country and national rejuvenation with Chinese path to modernization. Chinese path to modernization is constantly promoted in the reform and opening up, and will certainly open up broad prospects in the reform and opening up. Faced with the complex international and domestic situation, the new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation, and the new expectations of the people, we must continue to push the reform forward. This is an inevitable requirement for adhering to and improving the socialist system with Chinese characteristics, promoting the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity, implementing the new development concept, better adapting to the changes in the main contradiction of our society, insisting on putting the people at the center, making the achievements of modernization construction more and fairly benefit all the people, responding to major risks and challenges, and promoting the stable and far-reaching development of the cause of the Party and the country. It is an inevitable requirement for promoting the construction of a community with a shared future for mankind and winning strategic initiative in the accelerated evolution of the century old situation. It is an inevitable requirement for deepening the new great project of Party building in the new era and building a stronger and more powerful Marxist political party. Reform and opening up are only ongoing, not completed. The whole Party must consciously put reform in a more prominent position and further deepen reform in an all-round way closely around the promotion of Chinese path to modernization.
(2) The guiding ideology for further comprehensively deepening reform. We will pay more attention to system integration, focus more on key issues, and pay more attention to the effectiveness of reform, so as to better adapt the relations of production to productivity, superstructure and economic foundation, national governance and social development, and provide strong impetus and institutional guarantee for Chinese path to modernization.
(3) The overall goal of further comprehensively deepening reform. Continue to improve and develop the socialist system with Chinese characteristics, and promote the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity. By 2035, a high-level socialist market economy system will be fully established, the socialist system with Chinese characteristics will be further improved, the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity will be basically achieved, and socialist modernization will be basically realized, laying a solid foundation for the comprehensive construction of a socialist modernized strong country by the middle of this century.
——Focusing on building a high-level socialist market economy system, fully leveraging the decisive role of the market in resource allocation, better playing the role of the government, adhering to and improving the socialist basic economic system, promoting high-level technological self-reliance and self-improvement, advancing high-level opening up to the outside world, building a modern economic system, accelerating the construction of a new development pattern, and promoting high-quality development.
——Focusing on the development of people's democracy throughout the entire process, adhering to the organic unity of the Party's leadership, the people being the masters of the country, and the rule of law, promoting a more sound system of people being the masters of the country, extensive and multi-level institutionalized development of consultative democracy, a more perfect socialist legal system with Chinese characteristics, and achieving a higher level of socialist rule of law construction.
——Focusing on building a socialist cultural power, adhering to the fundamental system of Marxism's guiding position in the ideological field, improving the development system and mechanism of cultural undertakings and cultural industries, promoting cultural prosperity, enriching people's spiritual and cultural life, enhancing the country's cultural soft power and the influence of Chinese culture.
——Focusing on improving people's quality of life, perfecting income distribution and employment systems, improving the social security system, enhancing the balance and accessibility of basic public services, and promoting more significant substantive progress in promoting comprehensive human development and common prosperity for all people.
——Focusing on building a beautiful China, accelerating the comprehensive green transformation of economic and social development, improving the ecological environment governance system, promoting ecological priority, conservation and intensive, green and low-carbon development, and promoting harmonious coexistence between humans and nature.
——Focusing on building a higher level of safe China, improving the national security system, strengthening the integrated national strategic system, enhancing the ability to maintain national security, innovating social governance mechanisms and means, and effectively constructing a new security pattern.
——Focusing on improving the leadership level and long-term governance capacity of the Party, innovating and improving leadership and governance methods, deepening the reform of the Party building system, and improving the comprehensive strict governance system of the Party.
By the 80th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China in 2029, complete the reform tasks proposed in this decision.
(4) The principle of further comprehensively deepening reform. Summarize and apply the valuable experience of comprehensively deepening reform since the reform and opening up, especially in the new era, and implement the following principles: adhere to the comprehensive leadership of the Party, firmly uphold the authority and centralized unified leadership of the Party Central Committee, give full play to the Party's leading core role in overall planning and coordinating all parties, integrate the Party's leadership throughout the entire process of reform in all aspects, and ensure that reform always advances in the correct political direction; Adhere to putting the people at the center, respecting the people's subject status and pioneering spirit, giving voice to the people and responding to reforms, achieving reform for the people, reform relying on the people, and reform achievements shared by the people; Adhere to upholding integrity and innovation, unwaveringly uphold socialism with Chinese characteristics, keep up with the pace of the times, adapt to practical development, highlight problem orientation, and promote theoretical innovation, practical innovation, institutional innovation, cultural innovation, and other innovation in various aspects at a new starting point; Adhere to the mainline of institutional construction, strengthen top-level design and overall planning, adopt a dual approach of breaking and establishing, establish first and then break, strengthen fundamental systems, improve basic systems, and innovate important systems; Adhere to the rule of law in an all-round way, deepen reform on the rule of law track, promote Chinese path to modernization, achieve the unity of reform and the rule of law, make major reforms based on the law, and timely upgrade the reform achievements to the legal system; Adhere to the systemic concept, handle the major relationships between economy and society, government and market, efficiency and fairness, vitality and order, development and security, and enhance the systematic, holistic, and collaborative nature of reform.
2、 Building a high-level socialist market economy system
The high-level socialist market economy system is an important guarantee for Chinese path to modernization. We must better leverage the role of market mechanisms, create a more fair and dynamic market environment, optimize resource allocation efficiency and maximize benefits, be both "flexible" and "manageable", better maintain market order, compensate for market failures, smooth the circulation of the national economy, and stimulate the endogenous power and innovation vitality of the whole society.
(5) Adhere to and implement the 'two unwavering' principles. We will unwaveringly consolidate and develop the public ownership economy, encourage, support, and guide the development of the non-public ownership economy, ensure that all types of ownership economies use production factors equally in accordance with the law, participate in market competition fairly, and receive equal legal protection, and promote the complementary advantages and common development of all types of ownership economies.
Deepen the reform of state-owned assets and enterprises, improve the management and supervision system and mechanism, enhance strategic coordination among relevant management departments, promote the optimization of state-owned economic layout and structural adjustment, promote the strengthening, optimization, and expansion of state-owned capital and state-owned enterprises, enhance core functions, and improve core competitiveness. Further clarify the functional positioning of different types of state-owned enterprises, improve the management of main responsibilities and businesses, and clarify the key investment areas and directions of state-owned capital. Promote the concentration of state-owned capital in important industries and key areas that are related to national security and the lifeline of the national economy, in public services, emergency response capabilities, public welfare areas that are related to the national economy and people's livelihood, and in forward-looking strategic emerging industries. Establish sound institutional arrangements for promoting original innovation in state-owned enterprises. Deepen the reform of state-owned capital investment and operating companies. Establish an evaluation system for state-owned enterprises to fulfill their strategic missions, improve the classification assessment and evaluation system for state-owned enterprises, and carry out accounting for the added value of state-owned economy. Promote the independent operation of natural monopoly links and market-oriented reform of competitive links in industries such as energy, railway, telecommunications, water conservancy, and public utilities, and improve the regulatory system and mechanism.
Adhere to the policy of creating a favorable environment and providing more opportunities for the development of the non-public economy. Formulate the Private Economy Promotion Law. Deeply break down market access barriers, promote fair opening of infrastructure competitive fields to business entities, and improve the long-term mechanism for private enterprises to participate in national major project construction. Support capable private enterprises to take the lead in undertaking major national technological research and development tasks, and further open up major national scientific research infrastructure to private enterprises. Improve the policy and system of financing support for private enterprises, and solve the problems of difficult and expensive financing. Establish a sound legal and regulatory system for long-term supervision of enterprise related fees and settlement of overdue enterprise accounts. Accelerate the establishment of a comprehensive evaluation system for the credit status of private enterprises and improve the credit enhancement system for small and medium-sized private enterprises. Support and guide private enterprises to improve their governance structure and management systems, strengthen their compliance construction and integrity risk prevention and control. Strengthen in-process and post event supervision, and standardize administrative inspections of private enterprises involved.
Improve the modern enterprise system with Chinese characteristics, promote entrepreneurial spirit, support and guide various types of enterprises to improve resource utilization efficiency and management level, fulfill social responsibilities, and accelerate the construction of more world-class enterprises.
(6) Build a unified national market. Promote the unification of market basic institutional rules, fair and unified market supervision, and high standard connectivity of market facilities. Strengthen the rigid constraints of fair competition review, enhance anti-monopoly and anti unfair competition, and clean up and abolish various regulations and practices that hinder the unified national market and fair competition. Standardize local investment promotion laws and regulations, and strictly prohibit illegal and irregular policy incentives. Establish and improve a unified and standardized bidding and information sharing system, as well as a public resource trading platform system for government, public institutions, and state-owned enterprise procurement, to achieve open management of the entire project process. Enhance the comprehensive regulatory capacity and level of the market. Establish a sound national standard system and deepen the reform of local standard management system.
Improve the system and rules of factor markets, promote the smooth flow of production factors, efficient allocation of various resources, and full release of market potential. Build a unified construction land market for urban and rural areas. Improve the basic system for promoting the standardized development of the capital market. Cultivate a national integrated technology and data market. Improve the mechanism of determining factor prices mainly based on market supply and demand, and prevent improper government intervention in price formation. Establish a mechanism for evaluating the contribution of production factors such as labor, capital, land, knowledge, technology, management, and data by the market and determining rewards based on their contributions. Promote price reforms in areas such as water, energy, and transportation, optimize the tiered water, electricity, and gas pricing systems for residents, and improve the pricing mechanism for refined oil products.
Improve the circulation system, accelerate the development of the Internet of Things, establish integrated circulation rules and standards, and reduce logistics costs for the entire society. Deepen the reform of the energy management system, establish a unified national electricity market, and optimize the operation and scheduling mechanism of the oil and gas pipeline network.
Accelerate the cultivation of a complete domestic demand system, establish a long-term mechanism for government investment to support the construction of fundamental, public welfare, and long-term major projects, improve the mechanism for government investment to effectively drive social investment, deepen the reform of investment approval system, improve the mechanism for stimulating social capital investment vitality and promoting investment landing, and form a market-oriented effective endogenous growth mechanism for investment. Improve the long-term mechanism for expanding consumption, reduce restrictive measures, reasonably increase public consumption, and actively promote the development of the primary economy.
(7) Improve the basic system of market economy. Improve the property rights system, protect various forms of economic property rights equally and in the long term in accordance with the law, and establish an efficient comprehensive management system for intellectual property rights. Improve the market information disclosure system and establish a system for protecting trade secrets. Implement the principle of equal responsibility, crime, and punishment for acts that infringe upon various forms of economic property rights and legitimate interests, and improve the punitive damages system. Strengthen the law enforcement and judicial protection of property rights, prevent and correct the use of administrative and criminal means to intervene in economic disputes, and improve the mechanism for identifying and correcting wrongful cases involving enterprises in accordance with the law.
Improve the market access system and optimize the market access environment for new formats and fields. Deepen the reform of the registered capital subscription registration system, and implement timely subscription in accordance with the law. Establish a sound mechanism for corporate bankruptcy, explore the establishment of a personal bankruptcy system, promote supporting reforms for corporate deregistration, and improve the system for corporate exit. Establish a sound social credit system and regulatory framework.
3、 Establish a sound system and mechanism to promote high-quality economic development
To build a modern socialist country in all respects, we must, first and foremost, pursue high-quality development. We must lead the reform with the new development concept, base ourselves on the new development stage, deepen the supply side structural reform, improve the incentive and restraint mechanisms for promoting high-quality development, and shape new driving forces and advantages for development.
(8) Establish a sound system and mechanism for developing new quality productive forces tailored to local conditions. Promote revolutionary technological breakthroughs, innovative allocation of production factors, deep transformation and upgrading of industries, optimize the combination and upgrading of workers, labor materials, and labor objects, stimulate new industries, new models, and new driving forces, and develop productive forces characterized by high technology, high efficiency, and high quality. Strengthen the innovation of key common technologies, cutting-edge leading technologies, modern engineering technologies, and disruptive technologies, enhance the institutional supply of new fields and tracks, establish a mechanism for future industrial investment growth, improve policies and governance systems to promote the development of strategic industries such as new generation information technology, artificial intelligence, aerospace, new energy, new materials, high-end equipment, biomedicine, and quantum technology, and guide the healthy and orderly development of emerging industries. Leading the optimization and upgrading of traditional industries with the improvement of national standards, supporting enterprises to transform and enhance traditional industries with digital and green technologies. Strengthen institutional constraints such as environmental protection and safety.
Improve relevant rules and policies, accelerate the formation of production relations that are more compatible with new quality productivity, promote the aggregation of various advanced production factors towards the development of new quality productivity, and significantly improve total factor productivity. Encourage and regulate the development of angel investment, venture capital, and private equity investment, better leverage the role of government investment funds, and develop patient capital.
(9) Establish a sound system to promote the deep integration of the real economy and the digital economy. Accelerate the promotion of new industrialization, cultivate and strengthen advanced manufacturing clusters, and promote the high-end, intelligent, and green development of the manufacturing industry. Build a batch of industry common technology platforms, accelerate the transformation of industrial models and enterprise organizational forms, and improve the institutional mechanisms for enhancing the leading position of advantageous industries. Optimize the operation and regulatory mechanism of major industry funds to ensure that the investment of funds meets national strategic requirements. Establish a mechanism to maintain a reasonable proportion of investment in the manufacturing industry, and reasonably reduce the comprehensive cost and tax burden of the manufacturing industry.
Accelerate the construction of institutional mechanisms to promote the development of the digital economy, and improve the policy system for promoting digital industrialization and industrial digitization. Accelerate the popularization and application of new generation information technology in all directions and chains, develop industrial Internet, and build a digital industrial cluster with international competitiveness. Promote innovative development of platform economy and improve the normalized regulatory system for platform economy. Build and operate national data infrastructure to promote data sharing. Accelerate the establishment of a system for determining the ownership of data property rights, market transactions, rights distribution, and interest protection, enhance the capacity for data security governance and supervision, and establish an efficient, convenient, and secure mechanism for cross-border data flow.
(10) Improve the system and mechanism for developing the service industry. Improve the policy system to support the development of the service industry, optimize the accounting of the service industry, and promote the standardization construction of the service industry. Focus on key links and sub sectors to promote the high-quality development of producer services, develop industrial Internet platforms, break down administrative barriers for cross regional operations, and promote the integrated development of producer services. Establish a sound mechanism to accelerate the diversified development of the life service industry. Improve the regulatory system for intermediary service agencies, promote their honesty and trustworthiness, and fulfill their responsibilities in accordance with the law.
(11) Establish a sound system and mechanism for modern infrastructure construction. Build a new infrastructure planning and standard system, improve the integration and utilization mechanism of new infrastructure, promote the digital transformation of traditional infrastructure, broaden diversified investment and financing channels, and improve the coordination mechanism for major infrastructure construction. Deepen the reform of the comprehensive transportation system, promote the reform of the railway system, develop general aviation and low altitude economy, and promote the optimization of toll road policies. Improve the underwriting capacity and global service level of shipping insurance, and promote innovation in maritime arbitration system rules. Establish a sound mechanism for the construction, operation, and management of major water conservancy projects.
(12) Establish a sound system to enhance the resilience and security level of industrial and supply chains. Efforts should be made to build an independent and controllable industrial and supply chain, improve and strengthen the development system and mechanism of key industrial chains such as integrated circuits, industrial mother machines, medical equipment, instruments and meters, basic software, industrial software, and advanced materials, and promote technological breakthroughs and application of achievements throughout the entire chain. Establish a risk assessment and response mechanism for industrial and supply chain security. Improve the collaborative mechanism for the orderly and gradient transfer of industries in China, and promote the sharing of benefits between the transferring and receiving regions. Build a national strategic hinterland and backup key industries. Accelerate the improvement of the national reserve system. Improve the overall planning and coordination system for the exploration, supply, storage, and sales of strategic mineral resources.
4、 Building a system and mechanism that supports comprehensive innovation
Education, science and technology, and talents are the basic and strategic support for Chinese path to modernization. We must deeply implement the strategies of revitalizing the country through science and education, strengthening the country through talent, and promoting innovation driven development. We must coordinate and promote the integrated reform of the education, science, technology, and talent systems and mechanisms, improve the new national system, and enhance the overall efficiency of the national innovation system.
(13) Deepen the comprehensive reform of education. Accelerate the construction of a high-quality education system, and comprehensively promote the reform of education methods, educational models, management systems, and guarantee mechanisms. Improve the mechanism for cultivating morality and talents, promote the integrated reform and innovation of ideological and political courses in primary, secondary, and tertiary schools, establish a comprehensive training system for morality, intelligence, physical fitness, aesthetics, and labor skills, enhance teachers' ability to teach and educate, establish a long-term mechanism for the construction of teacher ethics and style, and deepen the reform of educational evaluation. Optimize the layout of higher education, accelerate the construction of universities with Chinese characteristics and world-class disciplines. Classify and promote the reform of universities, establish a discipline setting adjustment mechanism and talent cultivation model driven by scientific and technological development and national strategic needs, make extraordinary arrangements for urgently needed disciplines and majors, strengthen the construction of basic disciplines, emerging disciplines, interdisciplinary disciplines, and the cultivation of top-notch talents, and focus on strengthening the cultivation of innovation capabilities. Improve the mechanism of scientific and technological innovation in universities and enhance the efficiency of achievement transformation. Strengthen the synergy between technology education and humanities education. Accelerate the construction of a vocational education system that integrates vocational education with general education and industry education. Improve the system of student internship practice. Guide and standardize the development of private education. Promote the opening up of high-level education and encourage foreign high-level science and engineering universities to cooperate in running schools in China.
Optimize the allocation of regional educational resources and establish a basic public education service supply mechanism that is coordinated with population changes. Improve the mechanism for promoting high-quality and balanced compulsory education, and explore gradually expanding the scope of free education. Establish a sound guarantee mechanism for preschool education, special education, and specialized education. Promote the digitization of education, empower the construction of a learning society, and strengthen the guarantee of lifelong education.
(14) Deepen the reform of the scientific and technological system. Adhere to the forefront of world science and technology, the main battlefield of the economy, major national needs, and people's health, optimize the organizational mechanism for major scientific and technological innovations, coordinate and strengthen key core technology breakthroughs, and promote the systematization, institutionalization, and synergy of scientific and technological innovation forces, factor allocation, and talent teams. Strengthen the construction of national strategic scientific and technological forces, improve the national laboratory system, optimize the positioning and layout of national scientific research institutions, high-level research universities, and leading scientific and technological enterprises, promote the coordination between the central and local governments in scientific and technological innovation, coordinate the construction of various scientific and technological innovation platforms, encourage and regulate the development of new research and development institutions, give full play to the leading role of China's super large scale market, strengthen the coordination and organization of innovation resources, and promote the integrated development of scientific and technological innovation and industrial innovation. Build a system for monitoring, warning, and responding to technological security risks, and strengthen the independent guarantee of technological infrastructure. Establish a sound management system for technology clubs. Expand international scientific and technological exchanges and cooperation, encourage the establishment of international scientific and technological organizations in China, and optimize the management mechanism for external professional exchanges and cooperation among universities, research institutes, and science and technology associations.
Improve the management of science and technology plans, strengthen the forward-looking and leading layout of basic research fields, cross cutting frontiers, and key areas. Strengthen organized basic research, increase the proportion of science and technology expenditures used for basic research, improve the basic research investment mechanism that combines competitive and stable support, encourage localities, enterprises, social organizations, and individuals with conditions to support basic research, support the diversification of basic research topics, and encourage the development of high-risk and high-value basic research. Deepen the reform of the technology evaluation system, strengthen the governance of technology ethics, and seriously rectify academic misconduct.
Strengthen the dominant position of enterprises in scientific and technological innovation, establish a mechanism to cultivate and strengthen leading enterprises in science and technology, enhance the deep integration of industry, academia, and research led by enterprises, establish a reserve system for enterprise research and development, and support enterprises to actively lead or participate in national scientific and technological research and development tasks. Establish a mechanism to promote the development and growth of specialized, refined, unique, and innovative small and medium-sized enterprises. Encourage technology-based small and medium-sized enterprises to increase their R&D investment and increase the proportion of additional deduction for R&D expenses. Encourage and guide universities and research institutes to license scientific and technological achievements to small and medium-sized enterprises for use on a pay as you go basis.
Improve the allocation and management mechanism of central government science and technology funds, and establish a sound system for the execution of central government science and technology plans and the management of professional institutions. Expand the scope of the "lump sum system" for financial research project funding, giving scientists greater decision-making power over technical routes, greater control over funding, and greater resource allocation power. Establish a non consensus project screening mechanism based on expert real name recommendations. Allow scientific research institutions to implement more flexible management systems than general institutions, and explore the implementation of enterprise management.
Deepen the reform of the mechanism for transforming scientific and technological achievements, strengthen the construction of the national technology transfer system, accelerate the layout and construction of a number of concept verification and pilot testing platforms, improve the application policies for the first unit (set), first batch, and first version, and increase government procurement of independently innovated products. Strengthen the construction of the technical manager team.
Allow scientific and technological personnel greater autonomy in the distribution of benefits from the transformation of scientific and technological achievements, establish a separate management system for job-related scientific and technological achievements assets, and deepen the reform of empowering job-related scientific and technological achievements. Deepen the reform of income distribution in universities and research institutes. Allow more eligible state-owned enterprises to focus on innovation and creativity, and carry out various forms of medium - and long-term incentives among researchers.
Build a technology finance system that is compatible with technological innovation, strengthen financial support for major national science and technology tasks and technology-based small and medium-sized enterprises, and improve support policies for long-term capital investment in early, small, long-term, and hard technology. Establish a sound risk diversification mechanism for major technological breakthroughs and establish a policy system for science and technology insurance. Improve the convenience of foreign investment in equity and venture capital in China.
(15) Deepen the reform of the talent development system and mechanism. Implement more proactive, open, and effective talent policies, improve the mechanism for independent talent cultivation, accelerate the construction of a national high-level talent highland and a platform for attracting and gathering talents. Accelerate the construction of national strategic talent, focus on cultivating strategic scientists, first-class scientific and technological leaders, and innovative teams, focus on cultivating outstanding engineers, national craftsmen, and high skilled talents, and improve the quality of various talents. Build a first-class team of industrial and technical workers. Improve the orderly flow mechanism of talents, promote the rational layout of talent regions, and deepen the cooperation of talents in the eastern, central, and western regions. Improve the mechanism for discovering, selecting, and cultivating young innovative talents, and better ensure the treatment of young scientific and technological personnel. Establish a sound system to ensure that researchers focus on scientific research.
Strengthen the talent incentive mechanism, adhere to authorizing employers and relaxing restrictions on talent. Establish a talent evaluation system guided by innovation ability, quality, effectiveness, and contribution. Establish channels for talent exchange among universities, research institutes, and enterprises. Improve the support and guarantee mechanism for overseas talent introduction, and form a talent system with international competitiveness. Explore the establishment of a high-tech talent immigration system.
5、 Establish a sound macroeconomic governance system
Scientific macroeconomic regulation and effective government governance are inherent requirements for leveraging the advantages of the socialist market economy system. We must improve the macroeconomic regulatory system, coordinate the reform of key areas such as finance, taxation, and banking, and enhance the consistency of macroeconomic policy orientation.
(16) Improve the national strategic planning system and policy coordination mechanism. Establish a mechanism for formulating and implementing national strategies, strengthen the deep integration of major national strategies, and enhance the macro guidance and overall coordination functions of national strategies. Establish a sound system for national economic and social development planning, strengthen the mechanism for linking and implementing plans, give full play to the strategic guidance role of national development planning, strengthen the fundamental role of national spatial planning, and enhance the supporting role of special and regional planning implementation. Establish a sound system for experts to participate in public decision-making.
We will work together to implement national development plans, major strategies, promote fiscal, monetary, industrial, price, employment and other policies, optimize the allocation of various incremental resources and adjust the stock structure. Explore the implementation of national macro balance sheet management. Incorporate both economic and non economic policies into the macro policy orientation consistency assessment. Establish a sound expectation management mechanism. Establish a sound statistical indicator accounting system to support high-quality development, and strengthen the coverage of new economy and new fields. Strengthen the statistical infrastructure of industrial activity units, optimize the statistical methods of headquarters and branch offices, and gradually promote the statistics of the places where the activities of business entities occur. Establish a sound international macro policy coordination mechanism.
(17) Deepen the reform of the fiscal and taxation system. Establish a sound budget system, strengthen the coordination of financial resources and budgets, and incorporate all income obtained through administrative power, government credit, and state-owned resource assets into government budget management. Improve the budget and performance evaluation system for state-owned capital operations, strengthen the financial support for major national strategic tasks and basic livelihood. Strengthen macro guidance on budget preparation and fiscal policies. Strengthen public service performance management and enhance pre functional evaluation. Deepen the reform of zero based budgeting. Unify budget allocation authority, improve the uniformity and standardization of budget management, and perfect the system of budget disclosure and supervision. Improve the accrual based government comprehensive financial reporting system.
Establish a sound tax system that is conducive to high-quality development, social equity, and market unity, and optimize the tax system structure. Study tax systems that are compatible with the new business model. Fully implement the principle of statutory taxation, standardize tax preferential policies, and improve support mechanisms for key areas and critical links. Establish a sound direct tax system, improve the comprehensive and classified personal income tax system, standardize tax policies for business income, capital income, and property income, and implement unified taxation for labor income. Deepen the reform of tax collection and management.
Establish a clear financial relationship between the central and local governments with clear responsibilities, coordinated financial resources, and regional balance. Increase local independent financial resources, expand local tax sources, and appropriately expand local tax management authority. Improve the fiscal transfer payment system, clean up and standardize special transfer payments, increase general transfer payments, and enhance the degree of matching between city and county financial resources and human rights. Establish incentive and constraint mechanisms for transfer payments to promote high-quality development. Promote the relocation of the consumption tax collection process and steadily transfer it to local governments, improve the value-added tax retention and refund policy and deduction chain, and optimize the sharing ratio of shared taxes. Research on merging urban maintenance and construction tax, education surcharge, and local education surcharge into local surtax, authorizing local governments to determine specific applicable tax rates within a certain range. Reasonably expand the scope of support for local government special bonds, and appropriately expand the areas, scale, and proportion used as capital. Improve the government debt management system, establish a comprehensive local debt monitoring and supervision system, and establish a long-term mechanism to prevent and resolve hidden debt risks, and accelerate the reform and transformation of local financing platforms. Standardize non tax revenue management, appropriately delegate some non tax revenue management authority, and implement differentiated management based on local conditions.
Properly strengthen the central government's powers and increase the proportion of central fiscal expenditures. The principle of central financial powers is to allocate expenditures through the central government at the local level, reducing the delegation of central financial powers to local authorities. It is not allowed to request local governments to arrange supporting funds in violation of regulations. If it is necessary to entrust local governments to exercise their powers, funds shall be arranged through special transfer payments.
(18) Deepen the reform of the financial system. Accelerate the improvement of the central banking system and smooth the transmission mechanism of monetary policy. Actively develop technology finance, green finance, inclusive finance, pension finance, and digital finance, and strengthen high-quality financial services for major strategies, key areas, and weak links. Improve the positioning and governance of financial institutions, and establish incentive and restraint mechanisms to serve the real economy. Develop diversified equity financing, accelerate the development of multi-level bond markets, and increase the proportion of direct financing. Optimize the management system of state-owned financial capital.
Establish a coordinated capital market function between investment and financing, prevent risks, strengthen supervision, and promote the healthy and stable development of the capital market. Support the entry of long-term funds into the market. Improve the quality of listed companies, strengthen the supervision and delisting system of listed companies. Establish a long-term mechanism to enhance the inherent stability of the capital market. Improve the mechanism for regulating and constraining the behavior of major shareholders and actual controllers. Improve the incentive and restraint mechanism for dividends of listed companies. Establish a sound investor protection mechanism. Promote the alignment of regional equity market rules and standardization.
Formulate financial laws. Improve the financial regulatory system, legally include all financial activities in supervision, strengthen regulatory responsibilities and accountability systems, and enhance coordination between central and local supervision. Build a safe and efficient financial infrastructure, unify the rules and regulations for financial market registration, custody, settlement, and clearing, establish a hard constraint system for early risk correction, and build an effective financial stability guarantee system for preventing and controlling systemic risks. Establish a sound mechanism for protecting financial consumers and cracking down on illegal financial activities, and build a "firewall" for industrial capital and financial capital. Promote high-level financial openness, steadily and prudently advance the internationalization of the renminbi, and develop the offshore renminbi market. Safely promote the research and application of digital RMB. Accelerate the construction of Shanghai International Financial Center.
Improve the pre admission national treatment plus negative list management model, and support qualified foreign-funded institutions to participate in financial business pilot projects. Steadily expand the interconnectivity of financial markets and optimize the system for qualified overseas investors. Promote the construction of an independent and controllable cross-border payment system, and strengthen financial security mechanisms under open conditions. Establish a unified and comprehensive external debt supervision system. Actively participate in international financial governance.
(19) Improve the implementation mechanism of regional coordinated development strategy. Build a regional economic layout and territorial spatial system with complementary advantages. Establish a sound institutional and policy system to promote the formation of a new pattern in the development of the western region, achieve new breakthroughs in the comprehensive revitalization of Northeast China, accelerate the rise of the central region, and accelerate modernization in the eastern region. Promote regions such as Beijing Tianjin Hebei, Yangtze River Delta, and Guangdong Hong Kong Macao Greater Bay Area to better leverage their role as driving forces for high-quality development, optimize the development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt, ecological protection of the Yellow River Basin, and mechanisms for high-quality development. Promote the construction of Xiong'an New Area with high standards and high quality. Promote the deepening and implementation of the construction of the Chengdu Chongqing dual city economic circle. Establish a sound institutional system for the main functional areas and strengthen the guarantee mechanism for optimizing the development of national land space. Improve the mechanism for regional integration development, establish a new mechanism for cross administrative cooperation and development, and deepen industrial cooperation in the eastern, central, and western regions. Improve the institutional mechanisms for promoting the development of the marine economy.
6、 Improve the institutional mechanism for integrated urban-rural development
The integrated development of urban and rural areas is an inevitable requirement of Chinese path to modernization. We must coordinate the new industrialization, new urbanization, and comprehensive rural revitalization, comprehensively improve the integration level of urban and rural planning, construction, and governance, promote equal exchange and two-way flow of urban and rural factors, narrow the urban-rural gap, and promote common prosperity and development between urban and rural areas.
(20) Establish a sound system and mechanism for promoting new urbanization. Build a positive interactive mechanism for industrial upgrading, population agglomeration, and urban development. We will promote the system of providing basic public services through permanent residence registration, promote the social insurance, housing security, and compulsory education of accompanying children of eligible agricultural migrants to enjoy the same rights as those of the registered residence registered population in the place of immigration, and accelerate the citizenization of agricultural migrants. Protect the legitimate land rights and interests of farmers who have settled in cities, safeguard their land contracting rights, homestead use rights, and collective income distribution rights in accordance with the law, and explore the establishment of voluntary and compensated withdrawal methods.
Adhere to the principle of people's cities being built by the people and people's cities serving the people. Establish a sound urban planning system, guide the coordinated development and intensive layout of large, medium, small cities and small towns. Deepen the reform of urban construction, operation, and governance system, and accelerate the transformation of urban development mode. Promote the formation of a new system for intelligent and efficient governance of mega cities, and establish a system and mechanism for the development of urban agglomeration. Deepen the reform of granting economic and social management rights to mega towns that are commensurate with their population and economic scale. Establish a sustainable urban renewal model and policies and regulations, strengthen the construction of underground comprehensive pipe galleries and the upgrading of old pipelines, and deepen the action to enhance urban safety resilience.
(21) Consolidate and improve the basic rural management system. We will orderly promote the pilot program of extending the second round of land contracting for another 30 years after its expiration, deepen the reform of separating ownership, contracting rights, and management rights of contracted land, and develop moderate scale agricultural operations. Improve the agricultural management system, perfect the mechanism for forming the transfer price of contracted land management rights, promote farmers' cooperative operation, and link the support policies for new agricultural management entities with the promotion of farmers' income growth. Establish a sound, convenient, and efficient agricultural socialized service system. Develop a new type of rural collective economy, establish a clear property rights and reasonable distribution operating mechanism, and empower farmers with more comprehensive property rights and interests.
(22) Improve the support system for strengthening agriculture, benefiting farmers, and enriching farmers. We will prioritize the development of agriculture and rural areas, and improve the investment mechanism for rural revitalization. Strengthen the county-level industries for enriching the people, build a diversified food supply system, and cultivate new industries and business models in rural areas. Optimize the agricultural subsidy policy system and develop multi-level agricultural insurance. Improve the normalization of mechanisms to prevent the return to poverty among rural populations, and establish a hierarchical and classified assistance system for low-income rural populations and underdeveloped areas. Establish a long-term management mechanism for the formation of assets through national investment in poverty alleviation. Utilize the experience of the "Ten Million Project" to improve the long-term mechanism for promoting comprehensive rural revitalization.
Accelerate the improvement of the income guarantee mechanism for grain farmers, and promote the prices of important agricultural products such as grain to remain at a reasonable level. We will coordinate the establishment of a cross provincial compensation mechanism for grain production and sales areas, and take substantive steps in compensating for the interests of the main production areas. We will comprehensively promote the reform of the system and mechanism for grain purchase, sales, and reserve management, and establish a new regulatory model. Establish a sound long-term mechanism for food and food conservation.
(23) Deepen the reform of the land system. Reform and improve the system of balancing the occupation and compensation of arable land, including the unified management of various types of arable land occupation, and improve the quality acceptance mechanism for supplementary arable land to ensure that the balance standards are met. Improve the construction, acceptance, and management mechanisms of high standard farmland. Establish a sound management system to ensure the use of arable land for planting basic crops. Allow farmers to revitalize and utilize their legally owned housing through renting, equity participation, cooperation, and other means. Orderly promote the reform of rural collective operation construction land entering the market, and improve the mechanism for distributing land appreciation benefits.
Optimize land management, establish a land management system that efficiently connects with macro policies and regional development, prioritize the rational use of land for leading industries and major projects, and provide greater development space for advantageous areas. Establish a coordination mechanism between the allocation of new urban construction land indicators and the increase in permanent population. Explore the targeted use of national centralized land reclamation for specific projects and regions to implement a mechanism for balancing occupation and compensation. Optimize the use of urban industrial and commercial land, accelerate the development of the secondary market for construction land, promote mixed development and utilization of land, rational conversion of land use, and activate existing and inefficient land. Carry out special land management for various industrial parks. Develop policies for extending and following up on the expiration of industrial and commercial land use rights.
7、 Improve the high-level opening-up system and mechanism
Opening up is a distinctive symbol of Chinese path to modernization. We must adhere to the basic national policy of opening up to the outside world, promote reform through opening up, rely on the advantages of China's super large market, enhance our ability to open up in expanding international cooperation, and build a new system of higher-level open economy.
(24) Steadily expand institutional openness. Proactively aligning with international high standard economic and trade rules, achieving compatibility in rules, regulations, management, and standards in areas such as property rights protection, industrial subsidies, environmental standards, labor protection, government procurement, e-commerce, and finance, and creating a transparent, stable, and predictable institutional environment. Expand independent opening up, orderly expand the opening up of China's commodity market, service market, capital market, labor market, etc., and expand unilateral opening up to the least developed countries. Deepen the reform of the foreign aid system and mechanism, and achieve full chain management.
Maintain the multilateral trading system centered around the World Trade Organization, actively participate in the reform of the global economic governance system, and provide more global public goods. Expand the global network of high standard free trade zones, establish compliance mechanisms that align with international norms, and optimize the open and cooperative environment.
(25) Deepen the reform of the foreign trade system. Strengthen the coordination between trade policies and fiscal, financial, and industrial policies, build a strong trading nation with institutional and policy support systems, accelerate the integration of domestic and foreign trade reform, and actively respond to the trend of trade digitization and greening. Promote regulatory innovation in customs clearance, taxation, foreign exchange, etc., and create a favorable institutional environment for the development of new business models and formats. Innovatively develop digital trade and promote the construction of cross-border e-commerce comprehensive pilot zones. Build a commodity trading center, establish a global distribution center, support various entities to orderly layout overseas circulation facilities, and support regions with conditions to build international logistics hub centers and commodity resource allocation hubs. Establish a sound trade risk prevention and control mechanism, improve the export control system and trade remedy system.
Innovate and enhance service trade, comprehensively implement the negative list of cross-border service trade, promote comprehensive pilot demonstrations for expanding the opening up of the service industry, and encourage professional service institutions to enhance their international service capabilities. Accelerate the development of offshore trade and develop new types of offshore international trade business. Establish a sound cross-border financial service system and enrich the supply of financial products and services.
(26) Deepen the reform of foreign investment and the management system for foreign investment. Create a market-oriented, rule of law, and international first-class business environment, and protect the rights and interests of foreign investment in accordance with the law. We will expand the directory of industries that encourage foreign investment, reasonably reduce the negative list of foreign investment access, implement measures to completely eliminate restrictions on foreign investment access in the manufacturing sector, and promote the orderly expansion of opening up in telecommunications, the Internet, education, culture, medical care and other fields. Deepen the reform of the system and mechanism for promoting foreign investment, ensure national treatment for foreign-funded enterprises in terms of factor acquisition, qualification licensing, standard setting, government procurement, etc., and support participation in upstream and downstream supporting cooperation in the industrial chain. Improve the convenience system for overseas personnel's entry, residence, medical care, payment and other aspects of life. Improve the system and mechanism for promoting and safeguarding foreign investment, establish a sound management and service system for foreign investment, and promote international cooperation in industrial and supply chains.
(27) Optimize the layout of regional openness. Consolidate the leading position of opening up in the eastern coastal areas, improve the level of opening up in the central, western, and northeastern regions, and accelerate the formation of a comprehensive opening pattern of land, sea, and domestic linkage, as well as east-west mutual assistance. Give full play to the advantages of coastal, border, riverside, and transportation arteries, optimize the division of regional open functions, and create diverse forms of open highlands. Implement the strategy of upgrading free trade pilot zones and encourage pioneering and integrated exploration. Accelerate the construction of Hainan Free Trade Port.
Give full play to the advantages of the "One Country, Two Systems" system, consolidate and enhance Hong Kong's position as an international financial, shipping, and trade center, support Hong Kong and Macao in building an international high-end talent gathering highland, and improve the mechanism for Hong Kong and Macao to better play their role in the country's opening up to the outside world. Deepen cooperation in the Guangdong Hong Kong Macao Greater Bay Area, strengthen the connection of rules and mechanisms. Improve the system and policies for promoting economic and cultural exchanges and cooperation between the two sides of the Taiwan Strait, and deepen the integration and development of the two sides.
(28) Improve and promote the mechanism of high-quality joint construction of the "the Belt and Road". Continue to implement the "the Belt and Road" scientific and technological innovation action plan, and strengthen the construction of multilateral cooperation platforms in green development, digital economy, artificial intelligence, energy, taxation, finance, disaster reduction and other fields. We will improve the integrated layout of land, sea and sky networks and build a three-dimensional interconnected network of the "the Belt and Road". Coordinate the promotion of major landmark projects and "small yet beautiful" livelihood projects.
8、 Establish a sound system of people's democracy throughout the entire process
Developing people's democracy throughout the process is the essential requirement of Chinese path to modernization. We must unwaveringly follow the path of socialist political development with Chinese characteristics, adhere to and improve China's fundamental political system, basic political system, and important political system, enrich democratic forms at all levels, and concretely and realistically reflect the people's ownership of the country in all aspects of national political and social life.
(29) Strengthen the construction of the system of the people being the masters of the country. Adhere to, improve and operate the system of people's congresses well. Establish a sound supervision system for administrative, supervisory, judicial, and prosecutorial organs by the National People's Congress, improve the Supervision Law and its implementation mechanism, strengthen the review and supervision of the National People's Congress' budget and final accounts, as well as the management of state-owned assets and government debt. Improve the rules of procedure of the National People's Congress and the system of argumentation, evaluation, deliberation, and hearing. Enrich the content and forms of NPC deputies' contact with the people. Establish a sound mechanism for absorbing public opinion and gathering public wisdom. Give full play to the role of trade unions, Communist Youth League, Women's Federation and other mass organizations as bridges and links to serve the masses.
(30) Establish a sound mechanism for consultative democracy. Give full play to the role of the People's Political Consultative Conference as a specialized consultative body, improve mechanisms for deep consultation and interaction, full expression of opinions, and broad consensus building, and strengthen the construction of mechanisms for the People's Political Consultative Conference to reflect social and public opinion, connect with the masses, and serve the people. Improve the democratic supervision mechanism of the People's Political Consultative Conference.
Improve the system of consultative democracy, enrich consultation methods, establish institutionalized platforms for political party consultation, people's congress consultation, government consultation, political consultative conference consultation, people's organization consultation, grassroots consultation, and social organization consultation, and strengthen the coordination and cooperation of various consultation channels. Establish a sound implementation mechanism for consultation before and during decision-making, and improve the adoption, implementation, and feedback mechanisms for consultation results.
(31) Establish a sound grassroots democratic system. Establish a sound grassroots mass autonomy mechanism under the leadership of grassroots party organizations, improve the grassroots democratic system and work system, and broaden the channels for various grassroots organizations and masses to participate in grassroots governance in an orderly manner. Improve the system of transparency in handling affairs. Establish a democratic management system for enterprises and institutions based on employee representative conferences, and improve effective forms of employee participation in management.
(32) Improve the pattern of united front work. Improve policy measures to leverage the political role of the united front in rallying people's hearts and gathering strength. Adhere to, develop and improve the new political party system in China. Better leverage the role of non party members and improve the system for building the team of non party representatives. Formulate the National Unity and Progress Promotion Law, improve the institutional mechanism for forging a strong sense of community among the Chinese nation, and enhance the cohesion of the Chinese nation. Systematically promote the sinicization of religion in China and strengthen the rule of law in the governance of religious affairs. Improve the political guidance mechanism for non party intellectuals and new social strata. Comprehensively build a pro clean government business relationship, improve the working mechanism for promoting the healthy development of the non-public economy and the healthy growth of non-public economy personnel. Improve the working mechanism for Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan, and overseas Chinese affairs.
9、 Improve the socialist legal system with Chinese characteristics
The rule of law is an important guarantee for Chinese path to modernization. We must fully implement the Constitution, uphold its authority, coordinate the reform of legislation, law enforcement, judiciary, and compliance, improve the mechanism for ensuring equality before the law, promote the spirit of socialist rule of law, maintain social fairness and justice, and comprehensively promote the legalization of all aspects of national work.
(33) Deepen reforms in the legislative field. Improve the socialist legal system with Chinese characteristics centered on the Constitution, establish a sound institutional system to ensure the comprehensive implementation of the Constitution, and establish a system for reporting on the implementation of the Constitution. Improve the legislative work pattern with the leadership of the Party committee, the leadership of the National People's Congress, the support of the government, and the participation of all parties. We will coordinate the establishment, reform, abolition, interpretation, and compilation of laws, strengthen legislation in key areas, emerging areas, and foreign-related fields, improve the system of constitutional review and filing review, and enhance the quality of legislation. Explore regional collaborative legislation. Establish a mechanism for coordinating and linking party regulations with national laws and regulations. Establish a unified national platform for information on laws, regulations, and normative documents.
(34) Deepen the promotion of law based administration. Promote the legalization of government institutions, functions, authorities, procedures, and responsibilities, promote the standardization, normalization, and facilitation of government services, and improve the integrated online government service platform covering the whole country. Improve the mechanism for reviewing the legality of major decisions and normative documents. Strengthen government legislative review. Improve the benchmark system for administrative discretion in areas such as administrative penalties, and promote the cross regional connection of administrative law enforcement standards. Improve the two-way linkage system between administrative and criminal penalties. Establish a sound administrative reconsideration system and mechanism. Improve the administrative adjudication system. Improve the vertical management system and local hierarchical management system, and establish a sound mechanism for vertical management institutions and local cooperation and cooperation. Steadily promote the optimization of institutions in small population counties. Deepen the reform of the management system in the development zone. Optimize the structural layout of public institutions and strengthen their public welfare nature.
(35) Establish a sound judicial system and mechanism for fair law enforcement. Establish a sound system and mechanism for supervisory organs, public security organs, procuratorial organs, judicial organs, and judicial administrative organs to perform their respective duties. The supervisory, investigative, prosecutorial, judicial, and enforcement powers should cooperate and constrain each other, ensuring that the entire process of law enforcement and judiciary operates under effective supervision. Deepen the reform of separating judicial and enforcement powers, improve the national enforcement system, and strengthen the full supervision of enforcement activities by parties, procuratorial organs, and the public. Improve the law enforcement and judicial relief protection system, and perfect the national compensation system. Deepen and standardize judicial transparency, implement and improve the judicial accountability system. Standardize the establishment of specialized courts. Deepen the reform of administrative case level jurisdiction, centralized jurisdiction, and remote jurisdiction. Build a collaborative and efficient policing system and mechanism, promote the reform of local public security organs' organizational structure and management, and continue to promote the reform of the management system of civil aviation public security organs and customs anti smuggling departments. Standardize the management system for police auxiliary personnel.
Adhere to the correct view of human rights, strengthen the judicial protection of human rights law enforcement, improve the mechanisms for pre examination, in-process supervision, and post correction, improve the system of compulsory measures involving citizens' personal rights, as well as measures such as seizure, detention, and freezing, and investigate and punish criminal acts such as abuse of power for personal gain, illegal detention, and forced confession by torture in accordance with the law. Promote full coverage of lawyer defense in criminal cases. Establish a system for sealing minor criminal records.
(36) Improve the mechanism for promoting the construction of a rule of law society. Establish a sound public legal service system covering urban and rural areas, deepen the reform of the lawyer system, notary system, arbitration system, mediation system, and judicial appraisal management system. Improve the publicity and education of the rule of law, and perfect the practical oriented education and training mechanism of law schools. Strengthen and improve the protection of the rights and interests of minors, enhance the prevention and control of juvenile delinquency, and formulate specialized regulations for corrective education.
(37) Strengthen the construction of foreign-related rule of law. Establish a working mechanism that integrates the promotion of foreign-related legislation, law enforcement, judiciary, compliance and legal services, and the cultivation of legal talents. Improve the system of foreign-related laws and regulations and the implementation of the rule of law, and deepen international cooperation in law enforcement and judiciary. Improve the judicial trial system in foreign-related civil legal relationships, where the parties agree on jurisdiction and choose to apply extraterritorial laws in accordance with the law. Establish a sound system for international commercial arbitration and mediation, and cultivate world-class arbitration institutions and law firms. Actively participate in the formulation of international rules.
10、 Deepen the reform of cultural system and mechanism
Chinese path to modernization is a kind of modernization in which material civilization and spiritual civilization are coordinated. We must enhance cultural confidence, develop advanced socialist culture, promote revolutionary culture, inherit excellent traditional Chinese culture, accelerate adaptation to the rapid development of information technology, cultivate and form a large-scale team of excellent cultural talents, and stimulate the vitality of cultural innovation and creation of the whole nation.
(38) Improve the responsibility system for ideological work. Establish a sound system for arming the entire Party, educating the people, and guiding practical work with the Party's innovative theories, improve the learning system of the Party committee (Party group) theoretical learning center group, and enhance the ideological and political work system. Innovate Marxist theoretical research and construction projects, implement innovative projects in philosophy and social sciences, and build an independent knowledge system for Chinese philosophy and social sciences. Improve the system of press spokespersons. Build a mechanism and evaluation system that adapts to the production and dissemination of all media, and promote systematic changes in mainstream media. Improve the mechanism for guiding public opinion and coordinating public opinion response.
Promote the normalization and institutionalization of education on ideals and beliefs. Improve the institutional mechanism for cultivating and practicing socialist core values. Improve the mechanism for cultivating innovative civilization, practicing civilization, and creating civilization. Implement the civilized rural atmosphere construction project. Optimize the mechanism for promoting and learning heroic figures, innovate patriotic education and various mass themed activities, and promote the whole society to admire heroes, commemorate martyrs, and strive to be pioneers. Build a system for inheriting traditional Chinese virtues, improve the system and mechanism for building social morality, professional ethics, family virtues, and personal character, establish a long-term mechanism for building integrity, educate and guide the whole society to consciously abide by the law, follow public order and good customs, and resolutely oppose materialism, hedonism, extreme individualism, and historical nihilism. Establish a targeted and precise implementation mechanism for online ideological and moral education. Establish and improve a collaborative governance mechanism for prominent ethical issues, and enhance the long-term mechanism for combating pornography and illegal publications.
(39) Optimize the supply mechanism of cultural services and cultural products. Improve the public cultural service system, establish a mechanism for high-quality cultural resources to reach the grassroots level, improve the mechanism for social forces to participate in public cultural services, and promote the reform of separating ownership and use rights of public cultural facilities. Deepen the reform of state-owned assets and enterprises in the cultural field, classify and promote the deepening of internal reforms in cultural institutions, and improve the mechanism for the construction and development of literary and artistic troupes.
Adhere to the people-centered creative orientation, combine the production of achievements with talent, connect works with the environment, and improve the mechanisms for serving, guiding, and organizing literary and artistic creation production. Establish a sound cultural industry system and market system, and improve cultural and economic policies. Explore effective mechanisms for the integration of culture and technology, and accelerate the development of new cultural formats. Deepen the reform of the administrative approval and filing system in the cultural field, and strengthen in-process and post event supervision. Deepen comprehensive governance in the field of entertainment.
Establish a coordination mechanism for the protection and inheritance of cultural heritage, establish an inspection system for cultural heritage protection, and promote systematic protection and unified supervision of cultural heritage. Build a Chinese civilization identification system. Establish a sound system and mechanism for the deep integration of culture and tourism development. Improve the public service system for national fitness, reform and improve the management system and operational mechanism of competitive sports.
(40) Establish a comprehensive network governance system. Deepen the reform of the network management system, integrate the construction and management functions of network content, and promote the integrated management of news propaganda and online public opinion. Improve the development and management mechanism of generative artificial intelligence. Strengthen the construction of the rule of law in cyberspace, improve the long-term mechanism of network ecological governance, and establish a sound system for the protection of minors' networks.
(41) Build a more effective international communication system. Promote the reconstruction of the international communication pattern, deepen the reform and innovation of the international communication mechanism of mainstream media, and accelerate the construction of a multi-channel and three-dimensional external communication pattern. Accelerate the construction of Chinese discourse and narrative system, and comprehensively enhance the effectiveness of international communication. Establishing a mechanism for implementing the Global Civilization Initiative. Promote going global, inviting in management convenience, and expand international cultural exchanges and cooperation.
11、 Establish a sound system to safeguard and improve people's livelihoods
Ensuring and improving people's livelihood in development is a major task of Chinese path to modernization. We must adhere to doing our best and acting within our capabilities, improve the basic public service system, strengthen the construction of inclusive, fundamental, and bottom line livelihood, solve the most concerned, direct, and practical interests of the people, and continuously meet their aspirations for a better life.
(42) Improve the income distribution system. Establish a coordinated institutional system for primary distribution, redistribution, and tertiary distribution, increase the proportion of residents' income in national income distribution, and increase the proportion of labor remuneration in primary distribution. Improve the mechanism for determining workers' wages, ensuring reasonable growth and payment security, and establish a sound policy system for distribution based on factors. Improve redistribution and adjustment mechanisms such as taxation, social security, and transfer payments. Support the development of public welfare and charity undertakings.
Standardize the order of income distribution, standardize the mechanism of wealth accumulation, increase the property income of urban and rural residents through multiple channels, and form an effective institutional system to increase the income of low-income groups, steadily expand the size of middle-income groups, and reasonably regulate excessive income. Deepen the reform of the wage determination mechanism in state-owned enterprises, reasonably determine and strictly regulate the salaries, allowances and subsidies of leaders at all levels of state-owned enterprises.
(43) Improve the employment priority policy. Establish a mechanism to promote high-quality and full employment, improve the public service system for employment, and focus on resolving structural employment contradictions. Improve the employment support system for key groups such as college graduates, migrant workers, and retired soldiers, and establish a sound lifelong vocational skills training system. We will coordinate the urban and rural employment policy system, simultaneously promote the reform of services such as registered residence, employment, and archives, optimize the policy environment for entrepreneurship and employment, and support and standardize the development of new forms of employment. Improve the institutional mechanism for promoting equal opportunities and smooth the channels for social mobility. Improve the mechanism for negotiating and coordinating labor relations, and strengthen the protection of workers' rights and interests.
(44) Establish a sound social security system. Improve the national pooling system for basic pension insurance and establish a unified national social security public service platform. Establish a sound system for the preservation and appreciation of social security funds, as well as safety supervision. Establish a sound mechanism for raising funds and adjusting benefits for basic pension and medical insurance, and gradually increase the basic pension of urban and rural residents' basic pension insurance. We will improve the social security system for people with flexible employment, migrant workers, and new forms of employment, expand the coverage of unemployment, work-related injury, and maternity insurance, completely eliminate the restrictions on registered residence insurance in places of employment, and improve the policy of transferring and continuing social security relationships. Accelerate the development of a multi-level and multi pillar pension insurance system, expand the coverage of the pension system, and implement a personal pension system. Give full play to the supplementary protection role of various commercial insurances. Promote provincial pooling of basic medical insurance, deepen the reform of medical insurance payment methods, improve the major illness insurance and medical assistance system, and strengthen the supervision of medical insurance funds. Establish a sound social assistance system. Establish a sound system to safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of women and children. Improve the social security system and care service system for people with disabilities.
Accelerate the establishment of a housing system that combines renting and purchasing, and accelerate the construction of a new model for real estate development. Intensify the construction and supply of affordable housing to meet the rigid housing needs of the working class. Support the diversified and improved housing needs of urban and rural residents. Fully empower the governments of various cities with autonomy in regulating the real estate market, implement policies tailored to each city, and allow relevant cities to cancel or reduce housing purchase restrictions, as well as cancel standards for ordinary and non ordinary residential properties. Reform the financing methods for real estate development and the pre-sale system for commercial housing. Improve the real estate tax system.
(45) Deepen the reform of the medical and health system. Implement the strategy of prioritizing health development, improve the public health system, promote social co governance, medical prevention collaboration, and medical prevention integration, strengthen monitoring and early warning, risk assessment, epidemiological investigation, inspection and testing, emergency response, medical treatment, and other capabilities. Promote the coordinated development and governance of healthcare, medical insurance, and pharmaceuticals. Promote the expansion and sinking of high-quality medical resources and balanced regional layout, accelerate the construction of a hierarchical diagnosis and treatment system, promote the construction of close medical consortia, and strengthen grassroots medical and health services. Deepen the reform of public hospitals guided by public welfare, establish a fee mechanism led by medical services, improve the salary system, and establish a dynamic adjustment mechanism for staffing. Guide and standardize the development of private hospitals. Innovative medical and health regulatory measures. Establish a sound mechanism to support the development of innovative drugs and medical devices, and improve the mechanism for the inheritance and innovative development of traditional Chinese medicine.
(46) Establish a sound support and service system for population development. Focusing on addressing aging and declining birth rates, we will improve the population development strategy, establish a comprehensive population service system that covers the entire population and life cycle, and promote high-quality population development. Improve the policy system and incentive mechanism for supporting childbirth, and promote the construction of a childbirth friendly society. Effectively reduce the costs of childbirth, upbringing, and education, improve the maternity leave system, establish a maternity subsidy system, improve the level of basic maternity and child medical public services, and increase the deduction of personal income tax. Strengthen the construction of a universal childcare service system, support the development of various models such as employer run childcare, community embedded childcare, and family childcare centers. Grasp the objective laws of population mobility, promote relevant public services to follow people, and facilitate the rational aggregation and orderly flow of urban, rural, and regional populations.
Actively respond to population aging, improve the development of elderly care services and elderly care industry policy mechanisms. Developing the silver economy and creating diverse and personalized employment opportunities suitable for the elderly. According to the principles of voluntariness and flexibility, we will steadily and orderly promote the gradual reform of delaying the statutory retirement age. Optimize the supply of basic elderly care services, cultivate community elderly care service institutions, improve the operation mechanism of public elderly care institutions, encourage and guide enterprises and other social forces to actively participate, promote mutual assistance elderly care services, and promote the integration of medical care and elderly care. Accelerate the filling of gaps in rural elderly care services. Improve services for elderly people with special difficulties such as loneliness and disability, and accelerate the establishment of a long-term care insurance system.
12、 Deepen the reform of the ecological civilization system
Chinese path to modernization is a kind of modernization in which man and nature coexist harmoniously. We must improve the institutional system of ecological civilization, promote carbon reduction, pollution reduction, green expansion, and growth in a coordinated manner, actively respond to climate change, and accelerate the improvement and implementation of the institutional mechanism of the concept that green mountains and clear waters are as valuable as mountains of gold and silver.
(47) Improve the basic system of ecological civilization. Implement a regional, differentiated, and precise ecological environment management system, and improve the ecological environment monitoring and evaluation system. Establish and improve a comprehensive and unified land use control and planning permit system that covers all areas and types. Establish a sound system for the property rights and management of natural resource assets, improve the agency mechanism for the ownership of natural resource assets owned by the whole people, and establish a responsibility assessment and supervision system for ecological environment protection, natural resource protection and utilization, and asset preservation and appreciation. Improve the coordination mechanism for national ecological security work. Compile the Ecological Environment Code.
(48) Establish a sound ecological environment governance system. Promote the construction of the responsibility system, regulatory system, market system, and legal and regulatory policy system for ecological environment governance. Improve the system and mechanism of precise pollution control, scientific pollution control, and lawful pollution control, implement the fixed pollution source supervision system with the pollutant discharge permit system as the core, establish a new pollutant collaborative governance and environmental risk control system, and promote the coordinated reduction of multiple pollutants. Deepen the reform of the legal disclosure system for environmental information and establish an environmental credit supervision system. Promote the construction of an integrated ecological environment governance system that connects upstream and downstream in important river basins. Comprehensively promote the construction of a nature reserve system with national parks as the main body.
Implement the ecological protection red line management system, improve the integrated protection and systematic governance mechanism of mountains, waters, forests, fields, lakes, grasses, and sands, and establish a diversified ecological protection and restoration investment mechanism. Implement the rigid constraint system for water resources and comprehensively promote the transformation of water resource fees into taxes. Strengthen the coordination mechanism for biodiversity conservation work. Establish a sound system for the development and protection of marine resources. Establish a sound mechanism for realizing the value of ecological products. Deepen the reform of the paid use system for natural resources. Promote comprehensive ecological compensation, improve the horizontal ecological protection compensation mechanism, and coordinate the promotion of ecological environment damage compensation.
(49) Establish a sound mechanism for green and low-carbon development. Implement fiscal, taxation, financial, investment, pricing policies and standard systems that support green and low-carbon development, develop green and low-carbon industries, improve green consumption incentive mechanisms, and promote the construction of a green, low-carbon, circular development economic system. Optimize government green procurement policies and improve green tax systems. Improve the overall resource management and comprehensive conservation system, and establish a sound waste recycling system. Establish a clean and efficient utilization mechanism for coal. Accelerate the planning and construction of a new energy system, and improve policies and measures for the consumption and regulation of new energy. Improve the work system for adapting to climate change. Establish a new mechanism for the comprehensive transformation from dual control of energy consumption to dual control of carbon emissions. Establish a carbon emission statistical accounting system, product carbon labeling and certification system, product carbon footprint management system, improve carbon market trading system and voluntary greenhouse gas emission reduction trading system, actively and steadily promote carbon peak and carbon neutrality.
13、 Promote the modernization of the national security system and capabilities
National security is an important foundation for Chinese path to modernization. We must fully implement the overall national security concept, improve the system and mechanism for safeguarding national security, achieve a positive interaction between high-quality development and high-level security, and effectively ensure the long-term stability of the country.
(50) Establish a sound national security system. Strengthen the coordination mechanism for national security work, improve the legal system, strategic system, policy system, risk monitoring and early warning system for national security, and enhance the security guarantee system for key areas and the coordination and command system for important special projects. Build a coordinated and efficient national security protection system, and promote the empowerment of national security technology.
(51) Improve the mechanism of public safety governance. Establish a sound system for handling major public emergencies, improve emergency command mechanisms within the framework of comprehensive safety and emergency response, strengthen grassroots emergency foundations and capabilities, and enhance disaster prevention, reduction, and relief capabilities. Improve the mechanism for identifying and rectifying safety production risks and investigating responsibilities. Improve the food and drug safety responsibility system. Establish a sound biosafety regulatory warning and prevention system. Strengthen the construction of network security system and establish an artificial intelligence security supervision system.
(52) Establish a sound social governance system. Adhere to and develop the "Fengqiao Experience" of the new era, improve the urban-rural grassroots governance system that combines autonomy, rule of law, and moral governance under the leadership of the Party organization, and perfect the social governance system of co construction, co governance, and shared benefits. Explore the establishment of a unified national population management system. Establish a sound social work system and mechanism, strengthen party building to guide grassroots governance, enhance the construction of the social worker team, and promote the construction of the volunteer service system. Promote the legalization of petition work. Improve the social governance capacity of the city, strengthen the functions of public service platforms such as citizen hotlines, and improve the management mechanism and normalized promotion mechanism of the key items list for "efficiently accomplishing one thing". Establish a sound social psychological service system and crisis intervention mechanism. Establish a mechanism to enhance the role of family education and family values in grassroots governance. Deepen the reform of industry associations and chambers of commerce. Establish a sound management system for social organizations.
Establish a system that matches the responsibilities, powers, and resources of townships (streets), and strengthen the service management capabilities of townships (streets). Improve the overall prevention and control system of social security, establish a normalized mechanism for cracking down on organized crime and eliminating evil, and severely punish illegal and criminal activities strongly reflected by the masses in accordance with the law.
(53) Improve the mechanism of foreign-related national security. Establish and improve the coordination mechanism for surrounding security work. Strengthen the system and mechanism for early warning, prevention, and protection of overseas interests and investment risks, deepen international law enforcement cooperation in the field of security, and safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of Chinese citizens and legal persons overseas. Establish a sound mechanism against sanctions, interference, and "long arm jurisdiction". Establish a sound mechanism for safeguarding maritime rights and interests. Improve participation in global security governance mechanisms.
14、 Continuously deepen national defense and military reform
Modernization of national defense and the armed forces is an important part of Chinese path to modernization. We must adhere to the absolute leadership of the Party over the people's army, deeply implement the strategy of reforming and strengthening the military, and provide strong guarantees for achieving the centenary goal of building the military as scheduled and basically realizing the modernization of national defense and the military.
(54) Improve the leadership and management system and mechanism of the people's army. Establish a sound system and mechanism for implementing the responsibility system of the Chairman of the Military Commission, and deepen the political construction of the military. Optimize the functional allocation of the Military Commission's departments, improve the mechanism for coordinating and promoting war construction and preparedness, enhance the mechanism for consulting and evaluating major decisions, deepen innovation in strategic management, and improve the military governance system. Establish a sound mechanism for governing the military according to law. Improve supporting policies and systems in areas such as combat readiness and military human resources. Deepen the reform of military academies and promote inclusive development within them. Implement the adjustment and reform of military enterprises and institutions.
(55) Deepen the reform of the joint operations system. Improve the functions of the Joint Operations Command Center of the Military Commission, enhance the command functions in major security areas, and establish a coordinated operation mechanism with central and state organs. Optimize the formation of the theater joint operation command center and improve the joint operation command grouping mode of task forces. Strengthen the overall planning of the construction and application of the network information system. Construct a new type of military structure layout, accelerate the development of strategic deterrence forces, vigorously develop new domain and new quality combat forces, and coordinate and strengthen the construction of traditional combat forces. Optimize the composition of the armed police force.
(56) Deepen cross military and civilian reforms. Establish a sound integrated national strategic system and capacity building mechanism, and improve the system and mechanism for military decision-making, deliberation, and coordination. Establish a sound mechanism for reporting military requirements for national defense construction and military civilian coordination, and improve the national defense mobilization system. Deepen the reform of the national defense science and technology industry system, optimize the layout of national defense science and technology industry, improve the procurement system of weapons and equipment, establish a military product design return mechanism, and build a modern management system for weapons and equipment. Improve the overall coordination mechanism for military and civilian standardization work. Strengthen the construction and management coordination in fields such as aerospace and military trade. Optimize the leadership and management system and mechanism of border and coastal defense, and improve the mechanism of joint governance by the Party, government, military, police and the people. Deepen the reform of the militia system. Improve the mechanism of dual support work.
15、 Improve the Party's leadership in further comprehensively deepening reform and promoting Chinese path to modernization
The leadership of the Party is the fundamental guarantee for further comprehensively deepening reform and promoting Chinese path to modernization. We must deeply understand the decisive significance of the "two consolidations", enhance the "four consciousnesses", strengthen the "four confidences", achieve the "two safeguards", maintain a high degree of consciousness of leading social revolution with the Party's self revolution, adhere to the spirit of reform and strict standards in governing the Party, improve the Party's self revolution system and norms, continuously promote the Party's self purification, self-improvement, self reform, and self-improvement, and ensure that the Party always becomes a strong leadership core of the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics.
(57) Adhere to the centralized and unified leadership of the Party Central Committee in further comprehensively deepening reforms. The overall design, coordination, and promotion of the reform under the leadership of the Party Central Committee. Improve the implementation mechanism of major decisions and deployments of the Party Central Committee to ensure that the Party Central Committee's orders and prohibitions are enforced. Party committees (party groups) at all levels are responsible for implementing the decisions and deployments of the Party Central Committee, planning and promoting reforms in their respective regions and departments, encouraging innovation based on actual conditions, and creating replicable and promotable fresh experiences. Adhere to the mass line of the Party in the new era, fully absorb social expectations, public wisdom, expert opinions, and grassroots experience into the reform design. Set reform topics around resolving prominent contradictions, optimize the mechanism for generating key reform plans, adhere to truth, correct errors, timely identify problems, and correct deviations. Improve the incentive and public opinion guidance mechanisms for reform, and create a favorable atmosphere for reform.
(58) Deepen the reform of the Party building system. Focusing on mobilizing the enthusiasm, initiative, and creativity of the entire Party to promote reform and development, we will improve the institutional mechanisms for Party building. Strengthen the Party's innovative theoretical armament, establish and improve a long-term mechanism of using learning to forge the soul, enhance intelligence, rectify the atmosphere, and promote cadres. Deepen the reform of the personnel system for cadres, clearly establish the correct guidance for selecting and employing personnel, vigorously select cadres who are politically strong, willing to take on responsibilities, committed to reform, outstanding in performance, and honest and clean, and focus on solving the problems of cadres' disorderly behavior, inaction, reluctance to act, and poor conduct. Establish and practice a correct view of political achievements, and improve the effective mechanism for preventing and correcting deviations in political achievements. Implement the "three distinctions" and motivate cadres to explore and innovate. Promote the normalization of the ability of leading cadres to move up and down, and increase efforts to adjust cadres who are not suitable for current positions. Establish regular training, especially basic training mechanisms, strengthen professional training and practical exercises, and comprehensively enhance the modernization construction ability of cadres. Improve and implement the term system for leading cadres, and establish a sound system for the transfer of the main responsible persons of the leadership team. Enhance the political and organizational functions of party organizations. Explore effective ways to strengthen the Party building of new economic organizations, new social organizations, and new employment groups. Improve the mechanism for educating and managing party members, and enhance their role. Improve party regulations, enhance the authority and enforcement of party regulations.
(59) Deepen the construction of Party conduct and clean governance, as well as the fight against corruption. Establish a concrete, precise, and normalized mechanism for political supervision. Persistently implement the spirit of the Central Eight point Regulation and improve the system and mechanism for preventing formalism and bureaucracy. Continuously streamline and standardize meeting documents and various creation demonstrations, evaluation standards, festivals, exhibitions, and forums, strictly control the total amount of supervision, inspection, and assessment for grassroots level, improve the quality of research, and make great efforts to solve the problem of excessive frequency and complexity. Develop a list of responsibilities to be fulfilled by townships (streets) and improve the long-term mechanism for reducing the burden on grassroots. Establish a disciplinary education mechanism that combines regular and centralized measures, deepen the use of the "four forms" of supervision and discipline enforcement, and comprehensively leverage the Party's disciplinary education to constrain, guarantee, and motivate.
We will improve the working mechanism of preventing corruption, preventing corruption, and avoiding corruption, and focus on eradicating the soil and conditions that breed corruption. Establish a mechanism for investigating and addressing corrupt practices and corruption, deepen the rectification of corruption in areas where power is concentrated, funds are intensive, and resources are abundant, seriously investigate and punish the problem of collusion between government and business that damages the political ecology and economic development environment, improve the joint punishment mechanism for key bribe givers, and enrich effective methods for preventing and controlling new and hidden corruption. Strengthen the governance of false accusations. Establish a sound mechanism for tracking, preventing, and recovering stolen goods. Strengthen the construction of a clean and honest culture in the new era.
Improve the supervision system of the Party and the state. Strengthen the main responsibility and supervisory responsibility for comprehensively and strictly governing the Party. Establish and strengthen the supporting system for supervising the "top leader" and leadership team. Improve the mechanism for power allocation and operational constraints, and oppose the idea and phenomenon of privilege. Promote the organic connection between disciplinary law enforcement and criminal justice. Establish a sound system and mechanism for inspection and patrol work. Optimize the functions of supervision, inspection, review and investigation institutions, improve the disciplinary inspection and supervision system of vertical management units, and promote the comprehensive deployment of disciplinary inspection and supervision teams to centrally managed enterprises. Deepen the reform of grassroots supervision system and mechanism. Promote the legislation of anti-corruption countries, revise the Supervision Law, and introduce the Anti Cross border Corruption Law.
(60) Adhere to the spirit of nailing nails to ensure the implementation of reforms. For the decision-making and deployment of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China to further deepen reforms comprehensively, the whole party must seek truth and be pragmatic in implementing them, dare to do good deeds and implement them, adhere to the coordination between the upper and lower levels, combine departments and blocks, scientifically formulate reform task books, timetables, and priorities, clarify the main bodies and responsibilities of various reform implementations, incorporate the implementation of major reforms into the content of supervision and inspection, and test the reform with actual results and the satisfaction of the people.
Chinese path to modernization is a modernization that follows the path of peaceful development. In foreign affairs, we must firmly pursue an independent foreign policy of peace, promote the building of a community with a shared future for mankind, practice the common values of all mankind, implement the global development initiative, the global security initiative, and the global civilization initiative, advocate an equal and orderly economic globalization featuring multi polarization, inclusiveness and inclusiveness, deepen the reform of the working mechanism for foreign affairs, participate in and lead the reform and construction of the global governance system, firmly safeguard national sovereignty, security, and development interests, and create a good external environment for further deepening reform and promoting Chinese path to modernization.
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