Stabilize the production area and promote a bountiful summer grain harvest
2024-07-18
The data recently released by the National Bureau of Statistics shows that the planting area of summer grain in China has remained stable this year, and the yield per unit area has increased. The summer grain production was 299.56 billion kilograms, an increase of 7.25 billion kilograms or 2.5% compared to the previous year. Summer grain production accounts for more than one-fifth of the annual grain production. The abundant summer grain harvest has laid a solid foundation for stabilizing the annual grain production, consolidating and enhancing the positive trend of economic recovery. Wang Guirong, Director of the Rural Social and Economic Survey Department of the National Bureau of Statistics, introduced that various regions are deepening the construction of high standard farmland, improving production conditions, developing socialized agricultural services, actively promoting the project of increasing grain yield per unit area, and most provinces (regions, cities) have seen an increase in summer grain yield per unit area. Stable surface area ensures stable chassis area, which is the foundation for stable grain production. Our country has a large population and limited land. To ensure stable and safe supply of food and important agricultural products, it is necessary to stabilize and increase the planting area. This year, the national summer grain planting area is 399 million mu, an increase of 68000 mu from the previous year, and overall it remains stable. Winter wheat is the main summer grain crop, with a sowing area of 346 million mu this year, an increase of 475000 mu, or 0.1%. The key to 'storing grain in the ground' is to build high standard farmland. Improved agricultural infrastructure and favorable planting and production conditions are key factors for the large-scale increase in wheat yield. Shi Pengfei, assistant researcher at the Rural Economic Research Center of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, said that "flat fields, concentrated contiguous areas, and accessible roads" can promote the adjustment of planting structure towards higher levels of mechanization for grain crops. In the high standard farmland demonstration area of Yuanwu Town, Pingyuan Demonstration Zone, Xinxiang City, Henan Province, Shen Jifeng, the person in charge of Jifeng Agricultural Cooperative, managed 648 acres of cultivated land and achieved a bumper harvest, with an average yield of 1230 kilograms per acre. We grow 'Weilong 169' wheat and supply it directly to seed companies, "said Shen Jifeng. Wheat seed production requires high purity and quality. High standard farmland has flat terrain and concentrated contiguous areas, which facilitates wheat impurity removal and fine management, promoting standardized production of single varieties. The yield per mu has increased from over 900 jin in the past to around 1200 jin. Zheng Xiaofan, the head of the Modern Agriculture Department of the Agriculture and Rural Bureau in the Pingyuan Demonstration Zone, introduced that the "Six Situation Prediction Monitoring Station" in the high standard farmland construction demonstration zone can conduct ecological real-time monitoring of multiple factors such as "air, water, soil, disease, insects, and seedlings" throughout the entire growth period of crops, improving inter field management efficiency and thereby enhancing yield and quality. In addition to the construction of high standard farmland, Wang Guirong analyzed that the reasons for maintaining stable summer grain sowing area are the layered responsibility, strong policy support, and suitable sowing period and soil moisture. All regions strictly implement the joint responsibility of the party and government for food security, strengthen the protection and use control of arable land, curb "non agriculturalization", prevent "non grainization", and fully tap into the potential of the area through the development and utilization of winter fallow fields, adjustment of planting structure, and other methods. At the same time, the country continues to introduce a series of policies to strengthen agriculture and benefit farmers, increase the minimum purchase price of wheat, continue to implement subsidies for protecting farmland fertility, increase support for grain producing counties, expand the scope of implementation of full cost insurance and planting income insurance policies, and fully mobilize farmers' enthusiasm for planting grain and local grain production. In addition, during the autumn and winter sowing period last year, the soil moisture in the main winter wheat producing areas was generally suitable, and most areas achieved timely sowing, achieving a steady increase in winter wheat sowing area. At present, the grain planting area in China is at a historical high, and the potential for increasing production mainly lies in improving the yield per unit. In 2024, the No. 1 central document of the Central Government requires that the focus of grain production increase should be placed on increasing per unit area yield in a large area. Since the autumn and winter planting last year, China has selected a group of wheat producing counties with strong regional representativeness, good basic conditions, and outstanding radiation driving ability to carry out large-scale yield improvement actions by region, type, and construction system. Taking improving the quality of wheat land preparation and sowing as the core, focusing on cultivating strong seedlings and building high-yield populations, grasping the various links of cultivation, management and harvesting, consolidating and improving the yield of irrigated wheat, and significantly increasing the yield of rice stubble wheat and dryland wheat. The recently released summer grain yield data shows that the large-scale yield improvement action has achieved initial results. According to statistics, the national summer grain yield this year is 375.2 kilograms per mu, an increase of 9.0 kilograms per mu or 2.5% compared to the previous year. Among them, the wheat yield was 399.1 kg/mu, an increase of 10.0 kg/mu, or 2.6%. Pan Wenbo, Chief Agronomist of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs and Director of the Planting Industry Management Department, introduced that the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs insists on promoting the integration of "five good" fields, good varieties, good opportunities, good methods, and good systems. Efforts are being made in four aspects: increasing planting density, improving sowing quality, precise water and fertilizer regulation, and reducing yield losses. The potential of yield is being explored in all aspects, processes, and factors. At the same time, this year the central government will continue to implement the full coverage policy of "one spray and three prevention" for wheat. Mainly to maintain the number of spikes, attack the number of grains, increase grain weight, and promote the increase of wheat yield. Zhang Linsen, a major grain grower in Guoyang County, Anhui Province, is a direct participant in the large-scale wheat yield increase. Zhang Linsen introduced that under the guidance of the Crop Institute of Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences and other units, his farm has achieved a yield of over 850 kilograms per unit for five consecutive years. This year, overcoming difficulties such as dry and hot winds in the later stages of growth, the highest yield of "Annong 98" wheat planted in high-yield demonstration fields reached 878.6 kilograms per mu. To ensure the return of summer grain granules to the warehouse and a bountiful harvest, various regions are fully committed to providing various summer harvest service guarantees. The relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs introduced that this year's wheat harvest has shown the characteristics of sufficient supply of machinery, strong service guarantee, fast harvest progress, and low machine harvest losses. During this year's summer harvest, more than 600000 combine harvesters were put into operation in various regions, guiding the orderly transfer of cross regional operation equipment from south to north as the wheat matured in stages. During the peak wheat harvest period, there were 9 days when more than 200000 combine harvesters were put into operation in a single day, with a maximum of 250000 harvesters. The proportion of wheat harvesting machines exceeded 98%. In terms of ensuring cross regional machine harvesting, according to statistics from the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, during this summer harvest period, more than 2970 green channels on highways and nearly 3500 cross regional operation reception service stations were established in various regions, effectively ensuring smooth cross regional traffic of agricultural machinery. We have opened more than 1340 hotlines for agricultural machinery operation service guarantee, answered more than 11300 calls, and promptly answered policy inquiries and helped solve wheat harvest difficulties. The meteorological department regularly analyzes the weather situation, timely issues forecast and warning information, and provides reference for wheat harvesting and agricultural machinery transfer. More than 5200 preferential refueling channels for agricultural machinery have been opened at gas stations of PetroChina and Sinopec in various regions, and "oil delivery to fields" services have been launched during peak machine harvest periods. I planted over 500 acres of wheat, and all four harvesters harvested it in one day Li Wei, a large-scale planter in Xinzhuang Village, Yingshang County, Anhui Province, said. In the front line of wheat harvesting in Anhui, Henan and other places, China Agricultural Means of Production Group Co., Ltd., a subsidiary of China Supply and Marketing Group, dispatched more than 200 harvesters to form a cross regional operation team to carry out wheat harvesting operations day and night. This year, more efficient and low loss harvesting equipment will be put into the production line. The large feed rate combine harvester with a capacity of 9-10 kg/s has become the mainstream model for cross regional operations, further improving the harvesting efficiency of the machine, basically achieving maturity and harvesting of one piece, without the occurrence of "grain waiting machines". While striving to catch up with the progress of machine harvesting, various regions have organized extensive machine harvesting skill training and loss reduction competitions. During the wheat harvesting period, technical backbones have been dispatched to strengthen field patrols and guidance, effectively improving the level of machine operator operation. After the summer harvest, it is crucial to do a good job of drying, air drying, and storing summer grain. In the Daiyue District Supply and Marketing Cooperative located in Dongyangzhuang Village, Fangcun Town, Daiyue District, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, the Daiyong Agricultural Service Center has a 25000 ton grain storage warehouse adjacent to a nearly 28 meter high negative pressure drying tower. It is reported that after the drying tower is started, it can dry 400 tons of grain per day, effectively solving the problem of drying wet grain for surrounding farmers. Li Dongtao, director of the Daiyue District Supply and Marketing Cooperative, introduced that the cooperative has transferred more than 5000 acres of land and served over 40000 acres of land through the form of "land share cooperation+enterprise full process custody services", assisting in the return of granules to the warehouse. (New Society)
Edit：He Chuanning Responsible editor：Su Suiyue
Source：ECONOMIC DAILY
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