On the 10th, it was learned from the University of Science and Technology of China that Pan Jianwei, Chen Yuao, Yao Xingcan, Deng Youjin, and others have successfully constructed an ultracold atomic quantum simulator for solving the Fermion Hubbard model, surpassing the simulation ability of classical computers and verifying the antiferromagnetic phase transition in this system for the first time. The relevant research results were published online on the 10th in the international academic journal Nature. The international academic community has set three stages for the development of quantum computing: firstly, achieving the "superiority of quantum computing", which has now been achieved; The second is to implement a dedicated quantum simulator to solve important scientific problems such as the Fermion Hubbard model, which is currently the main research objective; The third is to achieve universal fault-tolerant quantum computers with the assistance of quantum error correction. The Fermion Hubbard model is the simplest model for the motion of electrons in the lattice, and is considered one of the representative models that may describe high-temperature superconducting materials. In theory, it can only clarify that the low-temperature state of the system under undoped conditions is antiferromagnetic. Due to the complexity of the system, not only has the antiferromagnetic state never been experimentally verified, but the system state under doping conditions can no longer be accurately numerically simulated using classical supercomputers. Therefore, constructing a quantum simulator to verify the antiferromagnetic phase transition under doping conditions is a crucial first step in achieving a specialized quantum simulator capable of solving the Fermion Hubbard model. On the basis of preliminary work, the research team further reduced the intensity noise of the box shaped optical potential well and combined machine learning optimization technology to achieve uniform Fermi degenerate gas preparation at the lowest temperature, meeting the low-temperature requirements for achieving antiferromagnetic phase transition. They creatively combined box shaped optical potential wells and flat top optical lattice techniques to achieve adiabatic preparation of spatially uniform fermion Hubbard systems. By precisely adjusting the interaction strength, temperature, and doping concentration, the research team directly observed conclusive evidence of antiferromagnetic phase transition - the spin structure factor exhibits a power-law critical divergence phenomenon near the phase transition point, thus verifying for the first time the Fermion Hubbard model, including antiferromagnetic phase transition under doping conditions. Chen Yuao stated that they have demonstrated for the first time the enormous advantages of quantum simulation in solving important scientific problems. The reviewers of Nature highly praised the achievement, stating that it is expected to become a milestone and major breakthrough in modern technology, marking an important step forward in this field. (Lai Xin She)
Edit：Xiong Dafei Responsible editor：Li Xiang
Source：XinHuaNet
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