People know that the dietary fiber contained in fruits, vegetables, and grains is very beneficial for the health of the human gut and even the entire body, but what is the principle behind it? Scientists from the Technical University of Denmark and the University of Copenhagen have revealed that dietary fiber can affect the behavior of bacteria in the colon, thereby increasing beneficial substances in the body and reducing harmful substances. The relevant paper was published in the latest issue of Nature Microbiology. There are various types of bacteria in the human gut that compete to utilize an essential amino acid called tryptophan. This kind of competition may bring both good and bad results to the body, and dietary fiber plays a decisive role in the battle for tryptophan. When people consume a large amount of dietary fiber, gut bacteria are more likely to convert tryptophan into beneficial substances; If fiber intake is insufficient, tryptophan will be converted into harmful compounds by intestinal bacteria. Researchers further explained that E. coli in the intestine can convert tryptophan into a harmful compound called indole, which is related to the progression of chronic kidney disease; But another intestinal bacteria, Sporobacter spp., can transform tryptophan into beneficial substances, which is helpful to prevent inflammatory bowel disease, type II diabetes, cardiovascular disease and nervous system disease. Through multiple experiments conducted in bacterial cultures and mice, researchers have also demonstrated that one of the most common bacteria in the human gut microbiota, fiber degrading gut bacteria such as Pseudomonas multiforme, can regulate the activity of Escherichia coli to form indole. Specifically, Proteobacterium multiforme can break down dietary fiber into monosaccharides, and E. coli prefers these sugars over tryptophan, thereby preventing E. coli from converting tryptophan into indole and allowing spore producing bacteria to utilize tryptophan to produce beneficial compounds. Therefore, dietary fiber helps to change the type of gut bacteria, making them produce beneficial components and improving human health by affecting the behavior of gut bacteria. These findings can help scientists develop better dietary recommendations, maintain intestinal health, and prevent diseases. (Lai Xin She)
Edit：Xiong Dafei Responsible editor：Li Xiang
Source：Youth.cn
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