Polishing Plateau Sapphire - A Chronicle of Qinghai Lake Protection
2024-06-05
The vast and boundless Qinghai Lake in front of us stretches like a silk ribbon, connecting with the distant snow capped mountains and blending into the sky, creating a picturesque and picturesque scenery. Qinghai Lake, the largest inland saline lake in China, is named after Qinghai Province with a total area of over 700000 square kilometers. Affected by climate change and human factors, the ecological environment in the Qinghai Lake Basin has been deteriorating for a time: the water level continues to decline, the area of land desertification continues to expand, and the number of rare and endangered wildlife decreases. "Ecology is a resource and wealth, it is our treasure." We must promote the construction of ecological civilization and the protection of ecological resources in Qinghai. Nowadays, Qinghai Lake is writing a new chapter in the construction of wetland type national parks through the integrated protection of mountains, waters, forests, fields, lakes, grasses, sands, and ice. The excellent water quality rate reaches 100%, the comprehensive vegetation coverage of grasslands reaches 60%, and the wetland protection rate reaches 69%. The symbiotic ecological chain of "grass river lake fish bird" is tending to balance... Recently, reporters interviewed along the lake and collided with the blue water, flying birds, migratory fish, and the smiling faces of herdsmen. The Qinghai Lake, known as the "Plateau Sapphire," is full of blue waves and radiance. On a clear summer day, the Xiannv Bay of Qinghai Lake is full of clear blue in the eyes. Occasionally, waterfowl sweep over the lake surface, causing ripples with golden ripples. "The achievements in ecological protection and environmental governance of Qinghai Lake are hard won, and we should cherish them even more and continuously consolidate and expand them." Xiannv Bay is located on the north bank of Qinghai Lake in Gangcha, Tibet. Recently, there have been waves of tourists here, and some hotels along the lake are hard to find. "Clean and hygienic" is the first impression that many people have of this small town. In fact, Gangcha was known for his "strong wind" earlier on. Due to natural and human factors, areas such as Gangcha County and Haiyan County in Haibei Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture near Qinghai Lake have experienced extensive grassland degradation and land desertification. "Eating in a sandy area, half a bowl of sand and half a bowl of noodles," said Party Yongshou, a forest farm worker in Haiyan County, deeply impressed by the harsh environment at that time. "Just as I was in the midst of strong winds and sand, I started participating in sand control in Ketu Sha District in 1997. When the wind was strong, we could overturn the tents we lived in. Often, trees were planted in the first year, but they disappeared in the spring of the second year." In recent years, efforts to combat desertification along the lakeside in Gangcha County, Haiyan County, and other places have been increasing. Driving around the Qinghai Lake area, reporters saw rows of lush green Qinghai spruce and camphor pine, like neatly arranged green guards, witnessing the retreat of Qinghai Lake sand and greenery. Beautiful butterfly transformation in progress. The "strong wind" is no longer present, and now the average number of days with good air quality in Gangcha County is over 97%, which is better than the provincial air quality assessment standards. The area of sandy land in Haiyan County has decreased from 1.486 million mu in the early 1980s to 926000 mu now. Dunes turn into oases, and the lake water level rises. However, the proliferation of green algae has become another threat to the ecological environment of Qinghai Lake. "A few years ago, I found that in summer, green or yellow green algae would float on the lake surface." A herdsman from Suoma Village, Quanji Township, Gangcha County, said in a fire protest. Related studies have shown that in recent years, the continuous rise in water level in Qinghai Lake has led to the formation of a large area of newly submerged areas in the lakeside zone, resulting in abnormal proliferation of flagellates in Qinghai Lake. If not treated in a timely manner, the green algae will have adverse effects on the aquatic ecological environment of Qinghai Lake. Since October 2022, the water ecological environment protection and restoration project in key water areas of Qinghai Lake has been officially launched, including the implementation of projects such as the salvage of diatoms, removal of terrestrial debris, and improvement of lakeside habitats. Last summer, Lahuo, along with many herders, actively participated in the management of the algae in Qinghai Lake. Through multiple efforts, a total of 95.05 million yuan has been invested in the treatment of algae in Qinghai Lake, and over 99400 tons of algae have been salvaged. The salvaged algae have entered the fertilizer plant, turning waste into treasure and becoming "green manure". The lake surface is once again rippling with blue waves. At present, fish and birds are coexisting, and the Huangyu fish in Qinghai Lake are entering the migratory season. As a supply river to Qinghai Lake, the Quanji River in Gangcha County is turbulent, with thousands of yellow croakers swimming upstream, spawning and reproducing, forming a spectacular migration of yellow croakers known as "half river clear water and half river fish". "Ecology is our precious resource and wealth." The unique plateau wetland ecosystem of Qinghai Lake carries numerous rare and endangered species, and the fish bird symbiotic system is highly influential and representative. Huangyu, scientific name "Qinghai Lake Naked Carp", is a rare species unique to Qinghai Lake. Once upon a time, there were many famous "fishing villages" by the Qinghai Lake. The fresh and delicious Huangyu allowed villagers to "rely on fish to eat fish" to make a living, until the number of Huangyu decreased sharply. Nowadays, in Qinghai Lake, the "Huangyu industry" has a new meaning. Tourists flock to the area, and a row of small shops selling fish food near the Quanji River Bridge are thriving. 55 year old Guo Yongzhong and his wife rented four shops for 6800 yuan, earning 150000 yuan during the peak migration season in June and July last year alone. Guo Yongzhong is outgoing and talkative, and he still vividly remembers the hardships of fishing back then. Taking advantage of the high fish prices in winter, they braved the severe cold to dig ice holes on the frozen Qinghai Lake, used wire machines to place a "net of heaven and earth" under the ice, and then caught all the overwintering fish in the water. Sometimes the nets beneath the water surface float away with the current, leaving fishermen with no catch, and some even being taken away by the drifting fishing nets and never finding a trace again. Internet expensive, sorry for you! What was a pity at that time was not resources. " Guo Yongzhong said, "Later I found out that the benefits of yellow croaker were too great. For example, if there were fewer yellow croakers, plankton would flood the lake, making it eutrophic and evolving into a 'dead lake'. Now I know how to cherish the yellow croaker resources." To protect the yellow croaker resources, Qinghai has closed the lake to raise fish, increased the survival rate of yellow croaker, and built multiple fish passage channels in the surrounding lake area to "escort" yellow croaker. ". "Fishing Village" has become "Fish Protection Village". Whenever there is a water interruption or fish stranding in the Quanji River, the villagers use wooden pots to load the fish and put them back into the lake. "Protecting Huangyu means protecting resources and future generations." The villagers now understand the importance of ecological resources in this way. From 2002 to 2023, the resource of Huangyu in Qinghai Lake increased by nearly 46 times. During the peak migration period of Huangyu, migratory birds such as cormorants in Qinghai Lake have also entered the breeding peak, feeding in groups on Huangyu. On the south bank of Qinghai Lake, in the Xiaobo Lake Wetland of Gonghe County, Hainan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, the clear water stretches to the sky, and groups of waterfowl hover over Qinghai Lake, emitting bursts of chirping, echoing the distant yellow croaker in the water. Herdsman Nanjia often takes his granddaughter Gangjian Cuomao to see two pairs of black necked cranes in the nearby forest. The black necked crane is a migratory bird and the only crane in the world that breeds on high plateaus. From March to October every year, these two black necked crane couples always return to Xiaobo Lake, accurately locate their own bird's nest, and have children safely. In recent years, Qinghai has strengthened scientific research monitoring and special governance actions, achieving significant results in the protection of biodiversity, including birds. As an important node in the international migration channel for migratory birds, Qinghai Lake records a total of 281 bird species and a total of 606000 waterbirds inhabiting it throughout the year, making it the breeding ground with the highest number and most concentrated population of migratory birds in China. Jiu Xie, Deputy Director of the Qinghai Lake Scenic Area Protection and Utilization Management Bureau, introduced that fish and bird symbiosis is one of the important achievements in improving the ecological environment of the Qinghai Lake water area, witnessing the changes in the ecological environment of Qinghai Lake and becoming a microcosm of Qinghai's ecological environment protection. In the morning of ecological harmony, a red halo of light slowly rises from the misty surface of the lake. On the banks of the lake, felt houses dot the slopes, cows and sheep fill the slopes, and wild flowers bloom. In 2022, the National Park Administration approved the creation of Qinghai Lake National Park in Qinghai. Walking in the Hargai area of Gangcha County, Haibei Prefecture, the reporter found that the commonly seen 1.5 meter net fence in the pastoral area has generally dropped to 1.2 meters, and the sharp spikes on the fence are also difficult to find, making it easier for animals such as the Puji antelope to migrate and jump. The Przewalski antelope is an endangered wild animal in the world, once widely distributed in Inner Mongolia, Gansu, Qinghai and other places, but now only exists in the Qinghai Lake area. The Hargai region is a gathering place for the population of the Puji antelope to inhabit and reproduce, and local herdsmen affectionately refer to the Puji antelope as "grassland elves". In July 2021, herdsmen Zhou Zengben and his cousin Sonan encountered an abandoned young antelope during an ecological patrol. They brought the young antelope home for treatment and fed it with a small bottle. With the joint efforts of the government and herdsmen, the number of Proctology antelopes in the Qinghai Lake area has increased from less than 300 in the early stages of protection to over 3400 now. The harmonious coexistence between humans and nature has become a unique and beautiful scenery here. Guarding the beautiful mountains, waters, and scenery, the herdsmen around the lake have also harvested good days from Qinghai Lake. Ningxia Village in Quanji Township, Gangcha County is less than 10 kilometers away from Qinghai Lake in a straight line. The traditional animal husbandry model once caused serious grassland degradation here. In recent years, Ningxia Village has actively explored new grazing models such as spring rest grazing, summer nomadic grazing, autumn rotational grazing, and winter free grazing. Entering Ningxia Village, groups of white Tibetan sheep and yaks flow like black and white notes on the grassland. "By controlling the number of livestock according to the natural environment, the result is' ecological beauty and prosperity for the people '," said Cai Bao, Deputy Secretary of the Ningxia Village Party Branch. Qinghai Lake is a wetland type national park, and in order to protect wetlands, there are active teams of wetland ecological managers on the banks of Qinghai Lake. Wearing patrol uniforms and riding motorcycles, 57 year old herdsman Duo Rijie patrols the wetlands around the ranch every day. Due to the large maintenance area, it takes him more than half a day to patrol while riding a motorcycle, and it is common for him to neglect eating. He said that since he became a caretaker, he should be responsible to the end. Winter has passed and spring has arrived. Whether it's hot or cold, he witnesses the ecological transformation of Qinghai Lake with his feet covered in soil. Many years ago, gazing at the beautiful scenery of the Gold and Silver Beach grassland on the north bank of Qinghai Lake, Western Song King Wang Luobin wrote the famous song "In That Distant Place". Nowadays, the green mountains and clear waters complement the white clouds and blue sky, making the "Chinese Water Tower" even more sturdy and abundant. Along with the melodious songs of the herdsmen, the sound of waves, bird songs, and the clattering of horse hooves by the grassland and lake combine to form the sound of green development of Qinghai Lake in the new era. New voices keep coming and going... (Le Xin She)
Edit：He Chuanning Responsible editor：Su Suiyue
Source：Xinhua
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