Enhancing the Resilience and Security of Industrial and Supply Chains through New Infrastructure Construction
2024-05-23
China's industrial and manufacturing scale has ranked first in the world for many consecutive years, with all 41 major categories, 207 medium categories, and 666 subcategories in the United Nations industrial classification, and a complete independent industrial system. At the same time, it should also be recognized that the world is undergoing unprecedented changes, with trade protectionism and anti globalization gradually emerging, and global industrial and supply chains being impacted. Improving the resilience and security of industrial and supply chains has become a necessary task for China's modernization of industrial system construction, enhancing economic resilience, and achieving high-quality economic development. Currently, a new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation is emerging globally. Improving the resilience and security level of industrial and technological policies through modernization and digital transformation of industrial and supply chains has become a major strategic direction. Among them, new infrastructure plays a crucial role in enhancing the resilience of industrial and supply chains due to its fundamental and global impact on industrial development. New infrastructure can be divided into three categories: digital infrastructure, integrated infrastructure, and innovative infrastructure. Digital infrastructure includes infrastructure such as communication, technology, and data, while integrated infrastructure mainly includes digital integration and upgrading of traditional transportation, energy, and production infrastructure. Innovative infrastructure includes infrastructure such as technology, science and education, and industrial technology innovation. On the one hand, the new infrastructure has strengthened the main resilience of the industrial and supply chains. Digital infrastructure reduces transaction costs for enterprises and strengthens their control capabilities. Digital infrastructure provides supply and demand analysis capabilities based on big data and intelligent analysis, providing functions such as demand discovery, user mining, and customer maintenance, reducing the cost of enterprise information search. On the basis of effectively protecting privacy, decentralized technologies such as blockchain enable traceability and querying of economic behavior across all entities, reducing credit costs between entities. Enterprise entities have a stronger ability to create added value, providing support for continuous participation in market competition and further expanding production scale, and enhancing the position and control ability of industrial and supply chain entities. Integrating infrastructure promotes the digital transformation of enterprises and enhances their resilience to recovery. Integrated infrastructure provides a paradigm for the digital transformation of enterprises. In the ecological field, big data and blockchain accelerate the construction of decentralized green finance investment platforms, achieve low-cost carbon emission trading certification, and production traceability; In the field of agriculture, artificial intelligence is integrated into the production, logistics, and sales processes, achieving the transformation of unmanned numerical control, decision-making assistance, intelligent agricultural robots, and so on. Through digital transformation, the main production and service processes have been thoroughly transformed, with greater development and adjustment space, fundamentally improving the risk resistance and reconstruction and recovery capabilities of the industrial chain. Innovation infrastructure enhances the innovation ability and core competitiveness of entities through technological connections and knowledge spillovers. The innovation capability of enterprises is the key core of the resilience of industrial and supply chains. Innovation infrastructure is oriented towards innovation needs such as technology, products, services, and models, providing incubation support for underlying technology development, new product development, and business paradigm innovation. It breaks the physical limitations of knowledge and technology spillovers, promotes the aggregation of innovation factors, and improves the innovation pattern. On the other hand, the new infrastructure has optimized the structural resilience of the industrial and supply chains. Digital infrastructure has optimized the supply and demand matching of upstream and downstream enterprises, improving the probability, efficiency, and quality of supply and demand matching, and enhancing structural recovery capabilities. Digital infrastructure has historically introduced the production factor of "data" into the industrial and supply chains, greatly expanding the boundaries of production possibilities. Communication infrastructure such as 5G and quantum communication has significantly improved the speed and quality of information transmission. Technology infrastructure such as artificial intelligence and cloud computing serves data processing, analysis, and decision-making, improves the matching of capital, labor, and technological factors in the production end, and completes the matching of personalized demand and professional supply in the consumption end. Data infrastructure has built a regional and industry-specific data network, promoting the formation of a unified domestic market, industry-specific market, and online market. The integration of infrastructure accelerates the transformation of production systems, demonstrating stronger collaborative scheduling and control capabilities and shock resistance. Integrated infrastructure is widely integrated and innovated into traditional production systems, promoting the digital evolution of single point processes towards comprehensive integration, accelerating the systematic and profound transformation of production modes and organizational forms, and giving birth to new production systems that are ubiquitous, interconnected, and high energy and low consumption. At the same time, further stabilizing the supply and demand relationship, ensuring the sustained, stable, and collaborative cooperation between upstream and downstream enterprises, enterprises and suppliers establish more stable, sustainable, mutually beneficial, and symbiotic partnerships, and a series of new industrial organizations and supply chain alliances are rapidly emerging. Innovate infrastructure construction, improve integrated collaborative innovation chains, and optimize system innovation capabilities. Innovation infrastructure revolves around systematic innovation needs, constructing an innovation integration chain that covers multiple innovation nodes, diverse innovation entities, and multiple innovation elements. It integrates a series of chain structures such as policy chain, service chain, funding chain, and talent chain, fully leveraging the permeability, universality, foundational, and enabling role of innovation resources. Through the transmission of horizontal and vertical chain structures, the industrial and supply chains are promoted to a higher level. Overall, the practical effectiveness of new infrastructure in enhancing the resilience and security of industrial and supply chains. Currently, China's digital, integrated, and innovative infrastructure is continuously strengthening its foundational support, core empowerment, and driving and leading functions for the resilience of industrial and supply chains. Firstly, digital infrastructure has outstanding foundational support capabilities for the resilience of industrial and supply chains. In terms of communication infrastructure, 5G has basically achieved high-quality full coverage, and quantum communication technology is globally leading. As of the end of 2023, China has built a total of 3.377 million 5G base stations and 23.02 million gigabit ports. Customized 5G base stations and 5G lightweight technology have been commercially deployed, and industrial grade 5G chips, modules, and gateways have achieved breakthroughs. A total of 3 international standards and 90 national standards have been released. In terms of technological infrastructure, the market size of artificial intelligence, cloud computing, and other industries has significantly increased. According to statistics from the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, as of the end of 2023, the scale of China's core artificial intelligence industry has approached 580 billion yuan, and three major agglomeration development zones have been formed in the Beijing Tianjin Hebei, Yangtze River Delta, and Pearl River Delta, with over 4400 core enterprises. The cloud computing market continues to grow rapidly, with a market size of 455 billion yuan in 2022. In terms of data infrastructure, the scale of data computing power is globally leading. As of the end of 2022, the total scale of computing power in China has reached 180EFLOPS. Secondly, the key empowering effect of integrated infrastructure on the resilience of industrial and supply chains is evident. First, industrial Internet integration has deepened its enabling effect. According to the estimation of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the scale of China's industrial Internet core industry in 2023 will reach 1.35 trillion yuan, which has been integrated into 49 major categories of the national economy, covering all industrial categories, promoting the supply and demand docking of more than 10000 enterprises, and driving investment of more than 170 billion yuan. Secondly, the infrastructure of green energy networks is steadily developing, and the embryonic form of new energy systems is emerging. In 2023, the installed power generation capacity in China reached 2.92 billion kilowatts, an increase of 13.9% compared to the end of the previous year. Among them, hydropower reached 422 million kilowatts, nuclear power reached 57 million kilowatts, grid connected wind power reached 441 million kilowatts, and grid connected solar power reached 609 million kilowatts. The production of green energy products such as wind turbines, hydro turbines, and charging piles increased by 28.7%, 35.3%, and 36.9% in 2023 compared to 2022, respectively. Thirdly, the level of intelligent and connected vehicle networking facilities has significantly improved, and the construction of smart transportation is rapidly advancing. Finally, the driving and leading role of innovation infrastructure in enhancing the resilience of industrial and supply chains has been strengthened. One is the significant improvement in technological development and industrial promotion capabilities. The number of national high-tech development zones in China has reached 169, and the number of torch characteristic industry bases has reached 475. Secondly, the capacity for science and education services and entrepreneurship services has steadily increased. As of 2021, China has a total of 2756 higher education institutions, 22859 research and development institutions, over 1.4 million R&D personnel, and a total expenditure of 218.05 billion yuan. Optimize the development environment to better promote new infrastructure as the first priority, promote high-quality integration of data and reality, and improve the talent supply and demand system. Based on China's super large, multi-level, and diversified domestic demand market, leveraging the advantages of a wide range of industries, a large volume, wide applications, and complete data, focusing on the entire process of the industrial chain and supply chain, promoting smooth data flow between various links and regions. Reduce the cost of information networks for small and medium-sized enterprises, promote the transformation and upgrading of physical enterprise networking, promote the technological transformation and construction deployment of IPization, flattening, and flexibility, and optimize and upgrade the national backbone network. Smooth the circulation of data resources, improve data coordination and management institutions at all levels, accelerate the establishment of data property rights system, establish a mechanism for distributing data elements according to their contributions, and conduct research on data asset valuation. Support "chain owners" enterprises to explore and build industry digital empowerment platforms, radiating and driving the digital transformation of small and medium-sized enterprises. Build a comprehensive "digital+physical" professional talent supply and demand system, and combine training and introduction to increase the supply of high-end talents. Promote the collaboration between schools, research institutions, and enterprises to jointly build a national digital talent cultivation ecosystem, and improve the quality and efficiency of talent cultivation. Secondly, accelerate the formulation of legal norms and improve the level of government services and supervision. Strengthen research on ethical governance in artificial intelligence, strengthen research on standards and regulations, data openness and privacy protection, algorithm regulation and accountability, ethics, laws and regulations, and other systems. Strengthen anti-monopoly law enforcement, resolutely crack down on algorithmic discrimination, market manipulation, data monopoly, privacy infringement and other behaviors. Develop differentiated policies based on the heterogeneity of industrial and supply chain relationships, taking into account differences in the size, nature, and market structure of upstream and downstream enterprises, in order to prudently regulate and improve the quality and efficiency of China's new infrastructure. Give full play to the support and guidance role of policies such as fiscal subsidies, tax incentives, and financial support, build an industry oriented digital transformation public service platform, and solve problems such as insufficient funds, talent shortage, and weak technology for small and medium-sized enterprises. Thirdly, strengthen international exchanges and cooperation, and ensure development security from multiple dimensions. Adhere to the path of globalization and an international perspective, build a "digital+physical" global service platform, and attract international innovative factor resources to participate in the development of domestic technology industries. Promote regional collaborative innovation between China, Japan, and South Korea, build a digital innovation highland in East Asia, and strengthen regional talent exchange and technology sharing. High quality efforts will be made to jointly build the "the Belt and Road" infrastructure, ASEAN smart city cooperation, and Central and Eastern Europe digital economy cooperation, so as to promote the formation of an "innovation community". Encourage enterprise alliances and industry organizations to participate in the development of global digital standards. Build a multi-dimensional security system with high standards, establish a safety assessment and certification system for equipment, platforms, and enterprises, and ensure the security of data, energy, and industry. Establish a data security management system for the entire industry chain, and strengthen the security capabilities of data collection, storage, processing, transfer, and destruction. Fourthly, coordinate the overall long-term construction and focus on key areas of collaboration. Forward looking and coordinated efforts will be made to promote the comprehensive and long-term construction of new infrastructure, accelerate the integration of energy, information, and transportation networks, and create a new infrastructure network for energy "vascular system", information "nervous system", and transportation "limb system". Advance the development of new generation conceptual technologies such as endogenous intelligent networks and satellite ground integration networking. Optimize the layout of computing power infrastructure in the system, promote efficient complementarity and collaborative linkage of computing power between the East and the West, and guide the reasonable hierarchical layout of edge, universal, supercomputing, and intelligent computing data centers. Strengthen the position of enterprises as the main body of innovation, efficiently allocate scientific and technological strength and innovation resources, and strengthen cross disciplinary and collaborative research and development. Support industry organizations and professional institutions to compile and publish industry intellectual property maps, establish and improve mechanisms for promoting collaborative innovation between government, enterprise, industry, and research, strengthen theoretical research, technological breakthroughs
Edit：He Chuanning Responsible editor：Su Suiyue
Source：Economic Information Daily
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