Recently, children's respiratory infectious diseases have occurred frequently, and parents have taken the responsibility of home medication. The wrong dosage or self withdrawal of drugs caused by various reasons may affect the physical recovery of children. How to use medication reasonably at home when a child is infected with respiratory diseases? Identifying the pathogens for pediatric respiratory tract infections before medication may be single pathogen infections such as viruses, bacteria, mycoplasma, chlamydia, or mixed infections. The specific type or type of pathogen infection needs to be comprehensively evaluated based on clinical manifestations, epidemiological information, and laboratory tests. The most common pathogens causing upper respiratory tract infections in children are viruses, such as rhinovirus, parainfluenza virus, influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, adenovirus, etc. The main drugs for combating influenza viruses include oseltamivir (oral), mabaloxavir (oral), zanamivir (inhalation), and paramivir (intravenous). After being diagnosed with influenza virus infection, in order to quickly stop the progression of the disease and alleviate the symptoms of the patient, antiviral drugs should be used as soon as possible. Parents should note that if it is a simple viral infection, antibiotics (such as cephalosporins, azithromycin, erythromycin, etc.) are ineffective. When children develop bacterial infections, antibiotics should be used as appropriate. Parents are concerned about adverse drug reactions and refuse to use antibiotics, or believe that antibiotics are a panacea, which is wrong. So, what are the precautions when using antibiotics in children with respiratory infections? Antibiotics are prescription drugs and parents should not use them on their own. Parents should not force doctors to prescribe antibiotics when doctors believe that their children do not need them. If the child has a history of drug allergies, parents must inform the attending doctor. It is best to be able to specify the specific name and manufacturer of the allergic drug and assist the doctor in guiding medication. Children who are allergic to one type of cephalosporin do not necessarily have an allergy to another type of cephalosporin. Please take medication according to the doctor's advice and do not miss or stop medication at will, as this is beneficial for maintaining a stable blood drug concentration. If you experience discomfort such as rash, nausea, and vomiting during the medication process, please temporarily stop taking the medication and seek medical attention at the hospital. Antibiotic therapy should follow the principle of individualization and not recommend antibiotics prescribed by a doctor for a particular child to other children. Macrolide antibiotics, such as azithromycin, erythromycin, clarithromycin, etc., are the preferred treatment for children infected with Mycoplasma pneumoniae. For children who are resistant to macrolide drugs, new tetracycline drugs (such as doxycycline and minocycline) and quinolone drugs can be used. Due to the possibility of tetracycline drugs causing yellowing of teeth and poor enamel development, they are only used in children aged 8 and above. Children and adolescents under the age of 18 who use quinolone drugs require strict evaluation of indications by doctors, and attention should be paid to observing the toxic side effects of the drugs. It should also be noted that penicillin and cephalosporin antibiotics are ineffective in treating patients with Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. When do antipyretics need to be used? For infants aged ≥ 2 months, if the axillary temperature is ≥ 38.2 degrees Celsius or there is significant discomfort and emotional changes due to fever, antipyretic drugs, including ibuprofen, can be used
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