The correct way to prevent stroke in the cold winter season
2024-02-01
During this period, countless cold days have swept through Shanghai with waves of cold air, which can be described as "chilling and freezing". Therefore, people are more concerned about the life-threatening health risks associated with cold, such as stroke. Indeed, there is a certain connection between cold waves and stroke, and the cold stress experienced by the human body may trigger a series of physiological changes, including reactions in the cardiovascular and cerebrovascular systems. These changes may have an impact on the risk of stroke. Stroke is the most common neurological disease, mainly referring to neurological dysfunction caused by vascular lesions in the brain. Cerebral blood vessels walk in the brain, acting like water pipes in a house. Prolonged disrepair may cause blockage or rupture. Most strokes are caused by blood vessel blockage, which is ischemic stroke, also known as cerebral infarction. A small portion is cerebral hemorrhage caused by cerebral vascular rupture, accounting for about 1/4. Generally, the etiology of ischemic stroke can be divided into five categories: large atherosclerosis, small vessel occlusion, cardiogenic embolism, other rare causes and unknown causes. The etiology of hemorrhagic stroke also includes many types, such as hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage, amyloid related intracerebral hemorrhage, aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage, etc. Starting from the cause, actively treating and preventing recurrence is particularly important, and comprehensive screening after stroke is particularly important. Under each type of stroke etiology, there are many risk factors that contribute to the cause. It should be emphasized that 80% of stroke risk factors can be prevented. In order to help the public understand the prevention knowledge of various risk factors, the American Heart Association has proposed the "Eight Elements of Life", including diet, physical activity, smoking cessation (nicotine exposure), sleep health, weight, blood lipids, blood sugar, and blood pressure. Implementing and adhering to these eight elements is believed to help people stay away from stroke. Diet: It is recommended to eat more fruits, vegetables, nuts, legumes, whole grains, and low-fat dairy products. Red meat, processed meat, and sugary drinks are considered unhealthy diets and should be consumed in moderation or avoided. Hypertension is closely related to salt intake, and a low salt diet can lower blood pressure. Physical activity: It is recommended that adults engage in at least 150 minutes of moderate intensity exercise or at least 75 minutes of high-intensity exercise per week. Physical activity can enhance cardiovascular function, as well as help control weight and physical and mental health. Of course, the intensity of activities should vary from person to person, and one should choose a suitable exercise time and method. Quitting smoking (nicotine exposure): Special emphasis is placed on quitting all nicotine exposure, including traditional combustible cigarettes, e-cigarettes, and electronic atomizers. Second hand smoke exposure also has adverse effects on health. Sleep health: Multiple studies suggest that too short or too long sleep is associated with coronary heart disease, stroke, and dementia. Weight: Keep the body mass index (BMI) below 25 to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome. Blood lipids: Among multiple blood lipid indicators, special attention should be paid to low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Suggest combining medication with diet and exercise to control blood lipid levels. Blood sugar: fasting blood sugar and blood sugar two hours after meal are generally checked to judge diabetes. A single blood sugar test cannot exclude diabetes. The detection of blood glucose indicators should also be extended to glycated hemoglobin, which can be used to detect blood glucose levels
Edit：GuoGuo Responsible editor：FangZhiYou
Source：gmw.cn
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