Pancreatic cancer has the characteristics of "three high and three low" in clinical treatment: high incidence rate, high recurrence rate and high mortality; Early diagnosis rate is low, surgical resection rate is low, and drug efficacy is low. Pancreatic cancer patients are mostly in the middle and late stages when they seek medical advice. The surgical resection rate is less than 20%, while the average survival period of pancreatic cancer patients without any treatment is only 3 to 6 months. Therefore, pancreatic cancer is known as the "king of cancer". We must pay attention to the high risk factors. The direct cause of pancreatic cancer is not clear. At present, the known risk factors of pancreatic cancer mainly include the following. Non genetic factors: smoking. Obesity and body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 significantly increased the incidence rate of pancreatic cancer. The incidence rate of pancreatic cancer was significantly increased in patients with unreasonable diet structure and excessive intake of saturated fatty acids and/or meat. Diabetes, especially new diabetes. Chronic pancreatitis, repeated inflammation stimulates pancreatic cell carcinogenesis. Occupational exposure, such as long-term exposure to asbestos, insecticides, fuels, petroleum, etc. People with non genetic high-risk factors should adjust their lifestyle habits in a timely manner, with a focus on prevention. Hereditary factors: The study found that 10%~20% of pancreatic cancer patients have a family history, so those who have a history of pancreatic cancer in their immediate family should be vigilant. Early diagnosis and early treatment can improve the prognosis Because the long-term prognosis of patients with advanced pancreatic cancer is poor, early diagnosis and early treatment are the key to improve the prognosis of patients. People with high-risk factors need to be checked regularly to be alert to the occurrence of pancreatic cancer, focusing on prevention and early detection. As the pancreas is deep behind the peritoneum and surrounded by other organs, pancreatic cancer has no typical clinical symptoms at the early stage, but only digestive tract symptoms such as abdominal distention, decreased appetite, dyspepsia, and abdominal pain. With the development of the disease, the clinical symptoms of the disease gradually include jaundice (caused by the invasion and compression of the common bile duct by the pancreatic cancer in the pancreatic head area), abdominal pain (caused by the tumor blocking the pancreatic duct or invading the celiac plexus) and weight loss (caused by loss of appetite and tumor consumption), but these symptoms are also not specific, and are easily confused with gastrointestinal diseases or biliary diseases. Therefore, people with high risk factors should be alert to the possibility of pancreatic cancer in case of unexplained or unexplained symptoms. The population undergoing routine physical examinations can undergo regular screening for ultrasound and tumor markers every year. Among them, CA19-9 is a sensitive indicator used to monitor the occurrence and progression of diseases, with a sensitivity and specificity of over 80%. When ultrasound examination reveals abnormalities or abnormal elevation of tumor markers, further improvement of enhanced imaging examination is necessary to clarify the diagnosis. If the diagnosis is still difficult, endoscopic ultrasound and puncture biopsy can be considered to clarify the diagnosis. People with high-risk factors should undergo regular screening every six months, and regular enhanced imaging examinations should be considered. Clinically, doctors mainly use different treatment schemes according to the tumor stage of pancreatic cancer patients. The commonly used clinical treatment schemes for pancreatic cancer include surgical resection, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy and symptomatic palliative treatment. However, due to the lack of effective radiotherapy, chemotherapy and targeted treatment, the current clinical treatment of pancreatic cancer is still mainly surgery, chemotherapy
Edit：GuoGuo Responsible editor：FangZhiYou
Source：gmw.cn
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