Not long ago, the Indian Ministry of Defense approved the purchase of 26 additional French Rafale fighter jets to supplement the Indian Air Force and Navy. Previously, media reports indicated that European "Typhoon" and Swedish "Eagle Lion" fighter jets had participated in the bidding for the project. The "Rafale" fighter jet won the favor of the Indian military due to its versatility and balance between sea and air. To a certain extent, India has chosen the sea/air version of general-purpose fighter jets for the purpose of cost-effective defense construction. In fact, as early as the early 1960s, the US Department of Defense developed the F-4 Sea/Air Force version of the general-purpose fighter jet to reduce military spending. After more than half a century of development, from the compromise between early carrier based aircraft and aerial combat aircraft, to more comprehensive multi-purpose fighter jets, the development concept of general-purpose fighter jets gradually became clear. French Rafale and American F/A-18E/F, F-35 and other fighter jets were gradually installed in some national armies. However, with the practical application of general-purpose fighter jets, many design defects and technical problems have been exposed, and accidents have occurred frequently. For a while, aviation experts had mixed reviews of general-purpose fighter jets. Until today, there are not many countries that can independently develop general-purpose fighter jets, and only aviation powers such as the United States, Russia, and France have mastered their core technologies. So, where is the difficulty in developing universal fighter jets? What kind of development process has it gone through? What are the future development trends? Please refer to the interpretation of this article. After more than half a century of technological research and application practice, some countries have launched sea/air force versions of general-purpose fighter jets - a new exploration of "one aircraft for multiple uses" - Wang Dongxu, Jiang Zihan, Zhang Yaocun, and the French "Rafale" fighter jet. The pursuit of high cost-effectiveness in data and images, as well as the continuous exploration of "one aircraft for multiple uses" by multiple countries, is the result of the Indian military's recent shift in weapons and equipment procurement thinking, choosing universal and serialized weapons and equipment to reduce the burden of military expenses. Compared to the traditional development method of "walking on two legs" for naval and air force fighter jets, the advantage of general-purpose fighter jets lies in the development of a new generation of fighter jets, which can concentrate their advantageous forces to create main combat models and adapt to different combat environments with slight modifications; After the installation of fighter jets, most of the equipment and aviation materials can be replaced universally, facilitating aircraft maintenance and improving combat effectiveness. In fact, the development concept of "one aircraft for multiple uses" was not pioneered by aviation designers. As early as the beginning of the 20th century, Danish firearm designer Skauber pioneered the concept of a universal machine gun, using a quick replaceable barrel and a soft tripod in the newly developed Madsen machine gun, making it both a light machine gun and a heavy machine gun. The Madsen machine gun shone brightly in World War I, and later this universal design concept extended to main combat equipment such as tanks and fighter jets. It is not an easy task to achieve universality on high-tech condensed fighter jets. Naval fighter jets require sea attacks, while air force fighter jets must have air combat advantages. How to simultaneously meet the operational needs of both the navy and the air force, R&D personnel have embarked on a difficult exploration and demonstration. In 1960, the US Navy's F-4 fighter jet carried multiple rounds of ammunition for test flights, breaking multiple world records and attracting high attention from the US Department of Defense. Subsequently, the US Department of Defense evaluated the inclusion of F-4 fighter jets in Air Force operations to promote military spending reduction plans. Despite various obstacles from the senior management of the Air Force, the powerful firepower of the F-4 fighter jet was hindered
Edit：Luo yu Responsible editor：Wang er dong
Source：81.cn
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