At the 25th China International High tech Fair recently held, the world's first industrialized two-dimensional graphene material was unveiled. Graphene is considered a material that will change the world. It is currently the thinnest, hardest, and most conductive and thermally conductive material known in the world. For graphene materials, 2010 is an important year. That year, the Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to physicists Andrei Heim and Konstantin Novoselov for their pioneering experiments on the two-dimensional material graphene, which brought graphene materials into the public eye. This two-dimensional material, which is both transparent, lightweight, and has super toughness, has become a "star" in the field of materials science today. The Nobel Prize winning graphene torn out with tape is a two-dimensional material, structurally speaking, it is a two-dimensional plane composed of six membered rings of carbon atoms. It is a novel two-dimensional nanostructure form of carbon, derived from graphite. Observing the cross-section of graphite under a microscope, it can be observed that the graphite layers are composed of tightly stacked graphene. Therefore, graphene can be seen as a thin layer of graphite, with approximately 3 million layers of graphene in a 1 millimeter layer of graphite. If graphite is compared to a book, graphene is one page, but the thickness of this page is only 0.335 nanometers, which is one 300000 times that of ordinary paper. Graphene is currently the most transparent material visible. Glass is usually used as a transparent material. The most transparent glass has a light transmittance of 87%, while the graphene film has a light transmittance of 97.7%, which appears almost transparent to the naked eye. As early as the mid-19th century, scientists discovered the unique layered structure of graphite. The pencil lightly scratches on the paper, leaving a mark of several layers of graphene. However, the scientific community has long believed that due to the thermodynamic instability of graphene itself, it cannot exist stably at room temperature and pressure. That is to say, graphene only exists in theory and is not a material that can actually exist. This prejudice dominated the fields of materials science and condensed matter physics for over 100 years, until it was shattered by the dramatic discoveries of Heim and Constantine in the early 21st century. According to Wang Yuqian, the head of the wearable project at Beijing Innovation Aishangjia Technology Co., Ltd., two British scientists used tape to strip graphene from graphite and then observed this single-layer carbon atom structure under a microscope, confirming the existence of graphene. Their successful separation of graphene using tape stripping method is an important breakthrough in graphene research. The discovery of graphene opened the door to the world of two-dimensional materials. Up to now, over 700 stable two-dimensional materials have been experimentally or theoretically certified. Improving preparation technology to meet diverse demands for large-scale, low-cost production of high-quality graphene materials is a prerequisite for its industrial application. But obviously, the peeling method of "tearing off with tape" is not suitable for the large-scale preparation and production of graphene materials. At present, the preparation of graphene mainly includes two processes: top-down method and bottom-up method. The so-called "top-down" method refers to using graphite as the starting point, peeling layer by layer from the graphite to obtain two-dimensional microstructures
Edit：Hu Sen Ming Responsible editor：Li Xi
Source：XinhuaNet
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