Every year, Science magazine selects the top ten scientific breakthroughs of the year, including one scientific breakthrough champion award and nine scientific breakthrough nominations. This year, GLP-1, the new "medicine king" with the potential to overcome obesity, ranks first among the top ten scientific breakthroughs. People have repeatedly sought safe and effective weight loss drugs, but have repeatedly failed. However, recently, a new type of weight loss drugs has been proved more reliably that they are expected to reduce the obesity rate and the incidence rate of related chronic diseases. These drugs were originally developed for the treatment of diabetes, simulating an intestinal hormone called glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1). These GLP-1 receptor agonists can significantly reduce weight, and clinical trials have also found that they can alleviate heart failure symptoms, reduce the risk of heart attack and stroke - this is the most convincing evidence to date that these drugs have important health benefits beyond weight loss. The Earth's carbon pump is slowing down in some remote areas along the coast of Antarctica. Surface seawater quickly sinks into the seabed, taking away heat, oxygen, and carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and storing them in the abyss. This part of the water slowly spreads northward. This is one of the main processes of the Earth's flipping circulation, which helps capture one-third of the carbon emitted by humans every year. When this carbon pump surges or decelerates, it may exacerbate global climate change. A study published in March in Communications Earth and Environment provides direct evidence of carbon pump deceleration: since the 1970s, circulation velocity has slowed by about 20%. In May, a study published in Nature Climate Change showed that from 1992 to 2017, the flow velocity of deep ocean currents slowed down by nearly 30%. The search for natural hydrogen sources has emerged this year, and humanity has witnessed the beginning of another energy boom based on hydrogen naturally produced within the Earth's interior. Unlike fossil fuels, hydrogen may be an antidote to climate change. In 2012, engineers pulled out a cement sealed borehole located in the Republic of Mali, Africa, and found that 98% of the gas it spewed was hydrogen gas. After ten years of extraction, the air pressure in the borehole did not decrease, indicating a continuous influx of hydrogen gas deep underground. Research has shown that the Earth may have stored 1 trillion tons of hydrogen, enough to meet the growing demand for hydrogen fuel and fertilizers for thousands of years to come. Nowadays, venture capital is flowing towards related startups. In the past year since the birth of 4 AI weather forecasters, AI models trained by technology companies such as Google, Huawei, and Nvidia have been able to predict the weather for the next 10 days, with accuracy comparable to or even exceeding traditional models, and can significantly reduce computational costs. The training of these models is based on weather observation data from the European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts numerical model over the past 40 years. Once the training is completed, the model can provide weather predictions within 1 minute on a desktop computer, without the need to run for two hours on a supercomputer. 5. Malaria vaccines bring new hope. This year, the malaria vaccine industry has received two good news. A large-scale evaluation of the world's first malaria vaccine Mosquirix shows that it significantly reduces infant mortality rates, which are affected by malaria
Edit： Responsible editor：Li Xi
Source：XinhuaNet
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