Deep Pupil Excavation, Moving Forward All the Way - The Beginning and End of Chinese Shield Tunnelling Machine's Journey to the World
2023-11-09
Over the past 20 years, the independently innovative Chinese shield tunneling machine has achieved a perfect comeback from stumbling to advancing all the way, and then entering the world's advanced ranks. There are more and more varieties of shield tunneling machines in China, with more powerful functions, and they are becoming a best-selling "new domestic product" overseas. The latest statistical data shows that as of now, the total number of orders for shield tunneling machines in China has exceeded 5000, with over 4500 machines already manufactured and exported to about 40 countries and regions overseas. On November 7th, at the Zhengzhou final assembly workshop of China Railway Engineering Equipment Group (hereinafter referred to as China Railway Equipment), the "China Railway 912" and "China Railway 913" shield tunneling machines that have passed customer acceptance are being expedited for disassembly and are about to be shipped to Singapore. Not long ago, the world's first green shield machine, China Railway 1237, was taken offline from here. It is equipped with continuous excavation technology, rapid mold replacement technology, and will be exported to Italy for use in the construction of the Sicilian high-speed railway tunnel. This is just a microcosm of the large-scale export of shield tunneling machines in China in recent years. As of 2023, Chinese shield tunneling machines account for 70% of the global market. In 1995, China first introduced German shield tunneling machines. Over the past 20 years, the independently innovative Chinese shield tunneling machine has achieved a perfect comeback from stumbling to advancing all the way, and then entering the world's advanced ranks. The world's first mining small turn shield machine, "Guineng 1," was taken offline. The interviewee provided pictures of drilling, blasting, and TBM, two "fists" to meet the challenge. The shield tunneling machine is currently the most advanced tunnel excavation equipment, commonly known as the "steel pangolin", which integrates high technology such as mechanics, electricity, hydraulics, information, artificial intelligence, and has tens of thousands of components. There are two types of shield tunneling machines, one for soft soil and soft rock tunnels, and the other for hard rock tunnels, also known as TBM (hard rock tunneling machine). More than half of tunnel projects worldwide use shield tunneling machines for construction. Sun Yongfu, an academician of the CAE Member, recalled that the first knowledge of tunnel boring machines came from textbooks in the 1950s. In the 1950s, more than 120 years have passed since the introduction of the principle of shield tunneling. However, Chinese engineering technicians' understanding of tunnel construction still remains limited to the drilling and blasting method. Using the drilling and blasting method for construction, it is necessary to drill holes and load explosives on the face of the tunnel, then ignite the fire and run to the corner to hide. After the explosion, the supporting arch and concrete should be quickly transported to the newly opened tunnel surface for support, and then the broken rock should be transported out using transportation tools. The drilling and blasting method is economical and adaptable, but the excavation speed is slow. Until now, a tunnel with a cross-sectional diameter of 10 meters has been constructed using the drilling and blasting method, with an average monthly excavation of only 100 meters. Is there a better tunnel construction method? At the end of the 18th century, French engineer Bruno è re drew inspiration from the phenomenon of ship maggots drilling holes and proposed the principle of shield tunneling. Boat maggots are clams with a shell on their head. When drilling through wooden boards, they secrete liquid to coat the hole walls, forming a tough protective shell that resists the expansion of the boards after they become damp to prevent them from being flattened. In 1825, under the Thames River in London, Bruno built the world's first shield tunneling method, which was gradually improved and widely used in Europe. The working principle of a shield tunneling machine is to use a steel structure component to advance along the tunnel axis while excavating the soil
Edit：Ling Xiaotong Responsible editor：Li Yi
Source：TechWorld
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