From October 2nd to 4th Beijing time, the 2023 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, Physics Prize, and Chemistry Prize will be announced one after another. Eight scientists have won three natural science awards from this year's Nobel Prize. From laying the foundation for the rapid development of mRNA vaccines, to opening the door to the electronic world, and to adding color to nanotechnology, their research has taken humanity further on the path of exploring the unknown. The research results were 15 years earlier than the COVID-19 pandemic. On October 2, Beijing time, the 2023 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was officially announced, and the winners were Kathleen Korico and Drew Weisman. The Nobel Prize website describes their contribution as follows: their discovery of nucleoside base modification made it possible to develop an effective mRNA vaccine targeting COVID-19. MRNA is known as "messenger ribonucleic acid". In the 1980s, effective methods for producing mRNA without cell culture were developed, which accelerated the development of molecular biology applications in several fields. The idea of using mRNA technology for vaccines and treatments also emerged. But the difficulties and obstacles are also very obvious, one of which is that mRNA is very unstable, and the other is that mRNA can cause a strong inflammatory response. However, these difficulties did not stop the research of biochemist Katarin Korico. In the early 1990s, as an assistant professor at the University of Pennsylvania, she met a new colleague - immunologist Drew Weisman. Drew Weisman is interested in dendritic cells, which play an important role in immune monitoring and activation of vaccine induced immune responses. Driven by new ideas, the two scientists quickly began a fruitful collaboration, focusing on studying how different RNA types interact with the immune system. In 2005, they published a landmark paper that addressed these issues. These groundbreaking research results are 15 years earlier than the COVID-19 pandemic. On October 3rd, Beijing time, according to the official website of the Nobel Prize, the 2023 Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to Pierre Agostini, Ferenc Klaus, and Anne L ü llier for their "experimental method of generating attosecond light pulses for studying electronic dynamics in matter". Atosecond, also known as "Atosecond". 1 attosecond is a negative 18th second of 10, or 1/1000 femtosecond. A second is a time scale used to describe the motion of electrons within atoms. And attosecond physics is the study of all phenomena that occur on an ultra short time scale. Anne L ü llier is the fifth female physics laureate who led her team to generate a 170 second pulse laser, breaking the world record. She was one of the first to demonstrate the generation of high-order harmonics through experiments, and her research mainly focused on the generation and application of high-order harmonics in gases, involving the development and optimization of attosecond light sources. In 2001, Pierre Agostini's experiment successfully generated a series of continuous light pulses, each lasting only 250 attoseconds. His experiments produced
Edit：Hou Wenzhe Responsible editor：WeiZe
Source：china youth daily
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