Scientific understanding of allergic Conjunctivitis
2023-07-31
Spring flowers and autumn leaves are beautiful scenery bestowed on humanity by nature, embellishing ordinary days with poetic and picturesque charm, making us feel happy. However, the high concentrations of pollen and willow catkins in the air during the spring and autumn seasons are allergens for some sensitive populations, making them feel shy in the face of such beautiful scenery. With the improvement of hygiene conditions and the increase of social pressure, excessively clean environments and stress-induced elevated levels of glucocorticoids in the human body may lead to weakened immune recognition and defense functions. Food additives, industrial additives, as well as some cosmetics and contact lens related care solutions, as new allergens, greatly increase the probability of allergies occurring. In the past 30 years, the incidence of allergic diseases has increased threefold, becoming the sixth largest chronic disease in the world. The global incidence rate of allergic Conjunctivitis is 30%~40%, which means that 3-4 out of every 10 people are affected. There are various types of allergens and individual differences. Including inhalation allergens (dust mites, pollen, fungi, animal fur, feathers, cotton lint, etc.); Ingestive allergens (milk, fish, shrimp, eggs, alcohol, drugs, etc.); Contact allergens (dust mites, microorganisms, animal fur, and industrial products, etc.) and injectable allergens (such as vaccines, animal serum, etc.). Allergic reactions mainly affect the eyes, nose, and skin. Eye congestion and edema, nasal congestion and runny nose, and skin rash all indicate allergic reactions. Due to individual differences, the first affected organ may be different, and during the onset of the disease, a single organ may be affected or multiple organs may be affected simultaneously. But any allergic reaction to an organ indicates that the patient has an allergic constitution. Allergic Conjunctivitis has a genetic tendency, and most allergic children have a similar history of allergy in their father or mother. Scientific research has confirmed that the occurrence of allergy is related to the increase of patients' immunoglobulin E (IgE) level caused by dominant genes on the 11th pair of human chromosomes and the hyperimmune response genes near the Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) region on the sixth pair of chromosomes to specific allergens. According to the characteristics and severity of the disease, allergic Conjunctivitis can be divided into two types: one is non proliferative (acute) allergic Conjunctivitis (90%), which is mediated by type I allergy and has no effect on vision. The other is proliferative (chronic) allergic Conjunctivitis (10%), which is co mediated by type I and type IV allergic reactions and can affect vision. The typical symptoms of allergic Conjunctivitis are itchy eyes, red eyes, redness, swelling, pain and other symptoms. Although most eye allergies do not affect vision, "strange itching" often makes people restless and unable to work and live normally. Persistent eye itching may also cause insomnia, depression, loss of appetite, etc. Allergic Conjunctivitis in children is different from that in adults. It is often manifested as eye rubbing and frequent blinking. When allergens are exposed, rubbing the eyes can exacerbate eye itching, conjunctival edema, and congestion, leading to more itching and possibly breaking the corneal epithelium on the black eye, leading to bacterial infections, etc. The symptoms of allergic Conjunctivitis mainly come from Hypersensitivity caused by histamine release. Immune B cells detect foreign invaders (allergies)
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