Important trend changes are taking place in the field of Space exploration and utilization. Some of the changes are significant and have not occurred for many years. What new trends are worth paying close attention to? What does the new situation mean? How does outer space governance keep up with the times? Why does Space exploration usher in new changes? The report entitled "For all mankind - the future of outer space governance" issued by the United Nations not long ago believes that a new era of Space exploration is coming fast. A series of major changes in the field of Space exploration in the past 10 years can be called "fundamental" and "revolutionary", of which three are particularly prominent. Firstly, there has been a significant increase in the number of spacecraft launched into orbit. From 1957 to 2012, the number of satellites launched globally remained approximately 150 per year. But it has increased sharply since 2013, with 210 in that year, 1200 in 2020, and 2470 in 2022. This is mainly driven by the private sector's launch of small satellite networks, which is closely related to reusable rockets, new satellite manufacturing technologies, and significant cost reductions. Secondly, the participation of private enterprises has increased, and the number of launch missions has also rapidly increased. The United States has the strongest corporate strength, but China has established many new commercial aerospace enterprises, and the pace of development is constantly accelerating. Similar situations have also occurred in India and Japan. According to relevant statistics, the global aerospace market size was $424 billion in 2022 and is expected to increase to $737 billion by 2030. Finally, manned deep space exploration is brewing to restart. Since the end of the US Apollo program, human beings have never set foot in deep space. But this situation is expected to improve. NASA plans to carry out manned flight around the moon in 2024. Space exploration Technology Company of the United States has previously announced that it intends to use its "Star Boat" Super heavy-lift launch vehicle to transport many artists for private flight around the moon. The new US "Artemis" moon landing plan intends to continue to carry out manned deep space missions in the next 10 to 20 years. China also plans to carry out manned Exploration of the Moon missions. What problems are more acute? The trend of commercialization of outer space activities and diversification of activity subjects is accelerating, which is expected to create new opportunities for using the achievements of Space exploration to benefit mankind, but also means that some risks may be exacerbated. The United Nations report believes that in the face of significant new changes, some issues in outer space governance are becoming more acute. With the rapid increase in the number of aircraft and the increasing frequency of space missions, the risks of accidents and the generation of space debris have relatively increased. The lack of coordination in space traffic management and the lack of existing international mechanisms to monitor space debris have become more prominent issues. Currently, relevant parties adopt different standards, definitions, and languages in space traffic management. Information on the position, orbit, and mission intent of space vehicles is not yet widely shared. The ability of different participants to operate satellites varies, and there are still differences on issues such as space access rights. There is currently no established international framework for the development and utilization of space resources, and the regulatory framework for preventing armed conflicts in space also needs to be strengthened. More new participants in space activities have emerged, with a significant increase in spacecraft in space. Many space-based services have dual-use properties, and the dependence of relevant countries' military forces on space systems has increased, making space a potential destination
Edit：wenxuan Responsible editor：shanjia
Source：gmw.cn
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