Up to now, there are 56 heritages listed in the The World Heritage List, including 38 cultural heritages, 14 natural heritages, and 4 mixed cultural and natural heritages. Recently, the Chinese Academy of Cultural Heritage and the Social Sciences Academic Press jointly released the Report on the Conservation status of China's World Cultural Heritage (2021-2022) (hereinafter referred to as the Bluebook of Cultural Heritage). According to the Bluebook of cultural heritage, climate change, natural disasters and construction pressure have always threatened the heritage and environmental conservation. However, compared with these challenges, China's monitoring of world cultural heritage is still not matched. It is reported that World Cultural Heritage monitoring is a risk management tool for World Cultural Heritage. Its purpose is to monitor and evaluate the changes in natural and human factors that may pose a threat to the heritage in the heritage zones and buffer zones of World Cultural Heritage, and to issue warning information in advance, so that the protection and management agencies can take corresponding disposal measures in a timely manner and effectively prevent risks. The monitoring of world cultural heritage has actually been explicitly stipulated for a long time. In November 2006, the former Ministry of Culture announced the "Measures for the Protection and Management of World Cultural Heritage", which stipulated that protection agencies should conduct daily maintenance and monitoring of the world cultural heritage and establish logs. The goal of monitoring is to promptly identify safety hazards that exist in world cultural heritage sites. In December of the same year, the "China World Cultural Heritage Monitoring and Inspection Management Measures" were implemented, clarifying that the daily monitoring of world cultural heritage protection and management institutions includes the preservation status of cultural relics, natural and human changes in core and buffer zones, the impact of surrounding area development on cultural relics, and tourist carrying capacity. In addition, annual daily monitoring reports must be reported in a timely manner. In terms of institutional construction, in 2012, the National Cutural Heritage Administration proposed that the world cultural heritage protection and management institutions should set up special institutions or departments to monitor the world cultural heritage. However, the Bluebook of Cultural Heritage shows that by 2021, only 38.18% of the world cultural heritage sites have established departments or institutions specifically responsible for monitoring. In terms of personnel allocation, there are over 31000 employees in China's world cultural heritage protection institutions, of which 1541 are engaged in monitoring work, accounting for only 4.85% of the total number of employees. Among them, 931 people (60.42%) are full-time monitoring personnel, and 610 people (39.58%) are part-time monitoring personnel from other departments or institutions. In terms of funding support, in 2021, the total amount of monitoring funds for world cultural heritage sites nationwide only accounted for less than 1% of the protection funds, and since 2019, there has been a downward trend, which has constrained the implementation of monitoring work. According to the research team's investigation, many heritage sites have monitoring needs, but due to the lack of funding, related work is delayed and difficult to carry out. In terms of technological application, the lack of existing strength and investment has led to the ineffective application of many mature technologies suitable for heritage monitoring, let alone the customized research and development of specialized technologies for heritage monitoring, which has also led to insufficient implementation of some necessary basic monitoring work. For example, as of 2021, more than one-third of heritage sites have not conducted investigations on their own diseases or have not submitted relevant data due to technical reasons. Writing Culture
Edit：XiaoWanNing Responsible editor：YingLing
Source：Legal Daily
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