April 15-21, 2023 is the 29th National Cancer Prevention and Control Promotion Week. This year's theme is "Cancer Prevention and Control, Comprehensive Action - Whole Population, Whole Cycle, Whole Society". Globally, the incidence rate and mortality of colorectal cancer rank among the top three in malignant tumors. Qin Hai, Vice President and Chief Physician of the Municipal People's Hospital, as well as an expert in early diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer, suggests that colorectal cancer refers to malignant lesions that occur in the colon mucosa under the influence of various factors such as environment and genetics. The large intestine is divided into the colon and rectum, hence colorectal cancer is also known as colorectal cancer. The incidence rate of colorectal cancer is higher in men than in women, but it can be prevented and treated. The incidence rate increases with age. As long as enough attention is paid, it can be prevented and controlled. Early screening to prevent intestinal polyps from "deteriorating" World Health Organization research shows that more than one-third of cancers can be prevented. Among them, colorectal cancer is listed as one of the suitable cancer types for screening. A large number of studies have shown that over 80% of colorectal cancer evolves from intestinal polyps, so some experts have also described intestinal polyps as the precursor of colorectal cancer. The "deterioration" of intestinal polyps generally goes through this process: normal mucosa - small polyps - large polyps - high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia - cancer. This process typically takes 5 to 10 years. More than 90% of people in the stage of intestinal polyps have hidden symptoms and are easily overlooked. As long as intestinal polyps are detected and promptly removed during this period, it can effectively prevent their progression to cancer. The etiology of colorectal cancer is still unclear when changing unhealthy lifestyle habits. It is generally believed to be related to various factors such as lifestyle, intestinal diseases, genetics, etc. Poor dietary habits include a high fat, high protein, and low fiber diet, a preference for picky foods that lead to micronutrient and vitamin deficiencies, and long-term excessive consumption of fried, roasted, and pickled foods. Genetic factors play an important role in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer. For example, 100% of patients with familial adenomatous polyposis undergo cancerous transformation; People with a family history of colorectal cancer have a 2 to 4 times higher risk of colorectal cancer than normal people. Patients with ulcerative colitis, Krohn's disease, colorectal adenoma, and rectal polyp will also have an increased risk of colorectal cancer in the later stage. In addition, unhealthy lifestyle habits such as smoking, obesity, emotional tension, and lack of exercise are also risk factors for colorectal cancer. If you have a history of colon adenoma, colorectal cancer family history and inflammatory bowel disease, you should adjust your lifestyle, quit smoking and alcohol; Develop good dietary habits and consume high fiber and low fat foods; Moderate exercise, etc. Regular screening for high-risk populations should not be ignored. As long as a complete screening is conducted, intestinal polyps and even colorectal cancer can be successfully detected. At present, experts recommend that the age range for colorectal cancer screening is between 40 and 74 years old. Regular fecal occult blood tests should be conducted from the age of 40, and a "questionnaire on high-risk factors for colorectal cancer" should be filled out. If one or both items in the fecal occult blood test and questionnaire are positive, it can be determined as a "high-risk group for colorectal cancer". It is recommended to undergo a total colonoscopy examination within one year. The high-risk factors in the "High Risk Factors Questionnaire for Colorectal Cancer" mainly include the following: whether there is a history of intestinal polyps; Do you have a history of other systemic cancers; Have first-degree relatives had a history of colon cancer; Have you had a history of chronic diarrhea; Have you had a history of chronic constipation; Do you have a history of chronic appendicitis or appendectomy; Is there chronic cholecystitis or
Edit：Guanguan Responsible editor：Niexiaoqian
Source：GMW.cn
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