Yinshan District, a place where religions and cultures blend in history
2023-03-01
The Yinshan Mountains are the natural boundary between China's agricultural and nomadic areas. Historically, the Yinshan region is an area of multi-ethnic exchange and integration. The Huns, Xianbei, Rouran, Khitan, Jurchen, Mongolia and other nomadic peoples have been active here, and the Han nationality has also constantly penetrated the Yinshan region through migration and immigration. Religious culture has become an important part of promoting the integration of all ethnic groups. The historical Buddhism of different religions coexisting in the Yinshan area flourished during the Northern and Southern Dynasties. The poets of the Tang Dynasty sighed "Four hundred and eighty temples in the Southern Dynasty, how many buildings in the misty rain". The prosperity of Buddhism in the Central Plains has affected the Yinshan region. The Xianbei ethnic group, which once settled in Yinshan Shengle (now Helinger County, Hohhot City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region), actively embraced the culture of the Central Plains, actively promoted Buddhism, promoted Buddhism, and built Buddhist temples and pagodas. The temple site in ancient Huaishuo Town shows the prevalence of Buddhism in the Yinshan area, and also shows that the Xianbei people in the Yinshan area began to gradually accept Buddhism outside of Shamanism. Archaeologists found a tile in the shape of a relief bodhisattva in the Northern Wei Dynasty in the temple site of the ancient city of Yunzhong, Tuoketuo County, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. The bodhisattva has a round face, high nose, deep eyes, two ears and shoulders, and has the artistic style of early Buddhist statues. In addition, the large area of Xixia Buddhist temple sites found in Baotou and the abundance of relics excavated fully illustrate the prosperity of Buddhism in Yinshan area during the Xixia period. The Mongols are tolerant of different religions. Genghis Khan not only accepted the precepts of Taoist Qiu Chuji, "respecting the heaven and loving the people", and "keeping one's mind and desires low", but also used the form of yurts to offer sacrifices to Sima Qian, a historian of the Han nationality. In the most important way in his own culture, he established a yurts type shrine to express respect. Although there was a tendency to advocate Tibetan Buddhism in the Yuan Dynasty, Genghis Khan's mind and strategy of "treating all religions equally and without discrimination" could still be adhered to. The site of the ancient city of Aolun Sumu in the Yuan Dynasty in Damao, Yinshan, reflects the coexistence of Nestorianism, Catholicism, Islam and Buddhism, highlights the concept of pluralism and inclusiveness, reflects the open cultural mentality, and is also the mutual understanding and coexistence of multiple nationalities and different beliefs. In the Ming Dynasty, the Mongolian people believed in Tibetan Buddhism gradually became popular. After Tibetan Buddhism entered Yinshan, it also absorbed the elements of Shamanism, such as offering sacrifices to fire, heaven, oboo, and Genghis Khan worship. The Draft of Suiyuan General Annals records that "whenever there is a great sacrifice to Obo (Obo), the Lama first uses the instrument and recites the scriptures... Mongolian officials often lead the people to kneel down in front of Obo, listen to the Lama chant the scriptures, and pray together for a long time." This is the result of the integration of Mongolian and Tibetan cultures. The major monasteries in the Yinshan region set up academic departments to study Buddhist classics, philosophy and medicine, astronomy, calendar, divination, etc., following the example of Tibetan monasteries. The Mongolian and Tibetan cultures were further blended, and a number of scholars who also understood the Mongolian and Tibetan cultures appeared to translate Tibetan classics. The Qing Dynasty believed that "building a temple is better than raising 100000 soldiers", and gave Tibetan Buddhist monks political preferential treatment, economic rewards, ideological cohesion and emotional proximity. Thus, there are many temples in Yinshan area. According to the statistics of "The History of Lamaism in Inner Mongolia", in the middle of the Qing Dynasty, there were more than 1800 temples in Inner Mongolia. Many villages in Ordos are named after the call temple, such as Zhandan call, Tal call, and Reformation call. Hohhot is even called "Zhaocheng"
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Source：http://www.mzb.com.cn/html/report/23023029-1.htm
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