Interoperability, symbiosis and mutual use of resources: the relationship between the three religions in history
2023-02-24
Chinese culture is an open system, which is in the process of continuous generation and development. Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism finally formed a symbiotic relationship pattern of "integration in body and integration in use", which is a model of exchange and mutual learning in the history of world civilization, and has important practical significance for China's religions to adhere to the direction of sinicization at present. Songshan Shaolin Temple "Monument of Praise for the Three Cults and Nine Flows of the Yuan Dynasty". Songshan Shaolin Temple offers pictures of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism, shaping the basic character of Chinese religious culture. Buddhism, which was introduced at the time of the Han Dynasty, interacted with Confucianism, Taoism and other local cultural traditions in its subsequent process of sinicization, and changed the ecological distribution of Chinese religions. Since then, Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism have interacted and interacted with each other, but Confucianism has always been its dominant factor. Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism have their own and their own. This "interactive influence relationship" makes the three religions integrate with each other. Among the three religions, Confucianism plays a leading role, forming a relationship pattern of "one master and two followers". In the Ming and Qing dynasties, "the three religions are consistent" has become the common idea of different religions, including folk religious beliefs. As Mr. Ren Jiyu said, the relationship between the three religions is the "top priority" in the history of Chinese thought and religion; The confluence of the three religions is the final destination of religious and cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries in history. This process of integration gradually emerged in the Northern and Southern Dynasties. It took shape from the Middle Tang Dynasty to the Northern Song Dynasty, and became the mainstream of the society in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. In the relationship between Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism, Confucianism plays a leading role. Confucianism dominates Chinese ethics, while Buddhism, Taoism and other religions give supernatural support to Confucian ethics. Confucianism advocated by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty is a religious Confucianism, a mixture of Confucianism, Mohism and alchemists, with Dong Zhongshu as its philosophical representative. Later, Emperor Zhang of the Eastern Han Dynasty convened a meeting of the "White Tiger View" among the great Confucianism, and compiled the current "White Tiger Tongyi", which defined the Confucian ideology transformed by the Han Confucianism as the national ideology. From then on, the religious Confucianism played the role of religion in Chinese society and standardized various human relations with its unique "rites and music" system. In particular, the Confucian sacrificial rites with the main content of "offering sacrifices to heaven and ancestors" make Confucianism have a distinctive religious color. However, the religionization of Confucianism has not been completed. With the "Three Outlines" and "Five Constants" as the center, Neo-Confucianism in the Song and Ming Dynasties absorbed the religious thoughts and cultivation methods of Buddhism and Taoism, advocated "preserving the natural principles and eliminating human desires", and further promoted the religionization of Confucianism. The "Four Books" and the "Five Classics" were regarded as the fundamental classics of Confucianism. Sacrifice to heaven, Confucius, and ancestors became prescribed rituals. Confucius temples were established from the central to local levels to worship Confucius, and even the tablets of Confucius and Zhu Xi were sometimes enshrined in Taoist temples. At the end of the Ming Dynasty and the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, the religionization of Confucianism continued to deepen among the people. In the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China, Kang Youwei advocated the establishment of "Confucius Church" and attempted to reorganize the ideological resources of Confucianism in the name of "religion". As a national ideology, the relationship between Confucianism and Buddhism and Taoism is, in a sense, the traditional relationship between politics and religion in China. The traditional relationship between politics and religion in China has always been "indissoluble". Confucianism has the dual functions of administrative management and moral education in Chinese society, but it has not abolished the religious belief represented by Buddhism and Taoism
Edit：Luo yu Responsible editor：Jia jia
Source：mzb.com
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